Current management of isolated sternal fractures in the UK: time for evidence based practice? A cross-sectional survey and review of literature.

Routine admission of patients with isolated sternal fractures for observation is still widespread in the UK. However, the evidence appears to suggest that this is unnecessary. We undertook a cross-sectional telephone survey of management of isolated sternal fractures in the UK. We contacted 85 acute admitting units over a three-month period and were able to get a response from 67 units. Most of the hospitals were district general hospitals (52) and situated in England (49). The orthopaedic department was the most common admitting department. 51 units indicated that they regularly admit isolated sternal fractures for observation. Other indications for admission included pain control (33), abnormal cardiac enzymes (28), social circumstances (23), abnormal electrocardiogram (6), and low oxygen saturation (5). Chest X-ray was performed on admission in all hospitals. 57 hospitals performed ECG and cardiac enzyme tests prior to admission and 6 hospitals carried out echocardiogram following admission on a regular basis. Patients were not followed up on discharge. 2 hospitals with on-site cardiothoracic unit followed-up patients on discharge, and 1 hospital advised GP follow-up. A review of the literature indicated that patients with isolated sternal fractures are at low risk of significant cardiac, pulmonary or mediastinal complications and do not need extensive investigations or routine admission. The current practice of management of isolated sternal fractures in the UK does not appear to conform to available evidence. In order to decide on management plans based on more rigorous evidence, there is a need for a prospective double blind randomised study of patients with isolated sternal fractures, comparing those discharged to those admitted over a longer follow-up period.