Dessolle L, de Larouzière V, Ravel C, Berthaut I, Antoine J-M, Mandelbaum J
Université Paris-VI, EA 1533, service d'histologie et biologie de la reproduction, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2009 Sep;37(9):712-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.04.026. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
Performance and security questions in human oocyte cryopreservation have been taking researchers for about two decades. Oocytes are usually frozen at metaphase II. Immature oocytes cryopreservation is still a research alternative. Two techniques are currently available for oocyte cryopreservation: slow freezing and vitrification. Experimental data suggest that vitrification has less impact on oocyte physiology than classical slow freezing. After slow freezing of mature oocytes, survival and fertilization rates reach 70 to 80% whereas cleavage rates are around 90%, leading to five implantations and 1.2 births per 100 thawed oocytes. After vitrification of mature oocytes, survival and cleavage rates reach 90% leading to 11 implantations and 1.8 births per 100 thawed oocytes. The obstetrical and neonatal prognosis of these pregnancies is reassuring. No increased risk of congenital anomalies has been observed. However, further evaluation is needed to guarantee the safety of cryopreservation procedures. Immature oocyte cryopreservation is not currently perfected but some indications appear of great interest.
人类卵母细胞冷冻保存中的性能和安全性问题已经困扰研究人员约二十年了。卵母细胞通常在减数分裂中期II进行冷冻。未成熟卵母细胞冷冻保存仍是一种研究选择。目前有两种技术可用于卵母细胞冷冻保存：慢速冷冻和玻璃化冷冻。实验数据表明，与传统的慢速冷冻相比，玻璃化冷冻对卵母细胞生理的影响较小。成熟卵母细胞经慢速冷冻后，存活率和受精率可达70%至80%，而分裂率约为90%，每100个解冻卵母细胞可导致5次着床和1.2次分娩。成熟卵母细胞经玻璃化冷冻后，存活率和分裂率可达90%，每100个解冻卵母细胞可导致11次着床和1.8次分娩。这些妊娠的产科和新生儿预后令人放心。未观察到先天性异常风险增加。然而，需要进一步评估以确保冷冻保存程序的安全性。未成熟卵母细胞冷冻保存目前尚未完善，但一些适应症似乎很有意义。
