Terán Luis Manuel, Haselbarth-López Michelle Marie Margarete, Quiroz-García David Leonor
Laboratorio de Inmunoalergia y Asma, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas", México D.F., México.
Gac Med Mex. 2009 May-Jun;145(3):215-22.
Allergic respiratory diseases such asthma and allergic rhinitis are a health problem throughout the world. In Mexico City, pollens are an important cause of allergic respiratory disease. Both, the geographic location- and the vegetation surrounding this City favor the distribution of pollens leading to respiratory disease in susceptible patients. Aerobiological studies have shown that during the mild dry winter there is a large amount of pollens in the environment with tree pollens being the most abundant of all. The most frequent tree pollens found in Mexico City include Fraxinus, Cupressaseae, Alnus, Liquidambar, Callistemon, Pinus, and Casuarina. In contrast, grass- and weed pollens predominate during the summer (rainy season) including Compositae, Cheno-Am, Ambrosia and Gramineae. An additional health problem in Mexico City is the air pollution that exerts a direct effect on individuals. This in turn increases pollen allergenicity by disrupting them leading to the release of their particles which then penetrate the human airways causing disease. Thus, the polluted environment along with global warming which is also known to increase pollen quantities by inducing longer pollen seasons may represent a health risk to Mexico City inhabitants.
哮喘和过敏性鼻炎等过敏性呼吸道疾病是全球性的健康问题。在墨西哥城，花粉是过敏性呼吸道疾病的一个重要病因。该城市的地理位置及其周边植被都有利于花粉的传播，从而导致易感患者出现呼吸道疾病。空气生物学研究表明，在温和干燥的冬季，环境中有大量花粉，其中树木花粉最为丰富。在墨西哥城发现的最常见的树木花粉包括白蜡树、柏科、桤木、枫香、红千层、松树和木麻黄。相比之下，草和杂草花粉在夏季（雨季）占主导地位，包括菊科、藜科、豚草和禾本科。墨西哥城的另一个健康问题是空气污染，它会对个体产生直接影响。这反过来又会通过破坏花粉增加其致敏性，导致花粉颗粒释放，进而穿透人体呼吸道引发疾病。因此，污染的环境以及全球变暖（已知全球变暖会通过延长花粉季节来增加花粉数量）可能对墨西哥城居民构成健康风险。
