Singh Anand B, Kumar Pawan
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2003;10(2):131-6.
Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are dramatically increasing all over the world including developing countries like India. Today, more than 30 % of the population is known to suffer from one or other allergic ailment. Major causative agents implicated are pollen grains, fungal spores, dust mites, insect debris, animal epithelia, etc. Several aerobiological studies have been conducted in different parts of the country to ascertain aerial concentration and seasonality of pollen grains and fungi. Recently, an "All India Coordinated Project on Aeroallergens and Human Health" was undertaken to discover the quantitative and qualitative prevalence of aerosols at 18 different centres in the country. Predominant airborne pollen are Holoptelea, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Putanjiva, Cassia, Quercus, Cocos, Pinus, Cedrus, Ailanthus, Cheno/Amaranth, Cyperus, Argemone, Xanthium, Parthenium and others. Clinical and immunological evaluations have revealed allergenically important texa - some of them for the first time. Allergenically important pollen are Prosopis juliflora, Ricinus communis, Morus, Mallotus, Alnus, Querecus, Cedrus, Argemone, Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Holoptelea, Brassica, Cocos, Cannabis, Parthenium, Cassia and grasses. Further cross-reactivity of the IgE antibodies is a common phenomenon among various pollen allergens. Ricinus communis pollen from commonly growing weeds in India, cross-reacts with latex (Hevea brasiliensis), Mercurialis annua and also with seeds of Ricinus communis - all belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. Areca catechu cross-reacts with other members of Arecaceae such as Phoenix sylvestris, Cocos nucifera and Borassus flabelifer. Several reports on pollen and fruit syndrome have been analyzed. Experiments conducted by us revealed that pollutants (NO(2) and SO(2)) not only affect pollen morphology but also changes their allergenic potency. Immunotherapy with recombinant proteins having similar epitopes from different allergens have been advocated, besides allergen avoidance.
包括印度等发展中国家在内，支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎等过敏性疾病在全球范围内都在急剧增加。如今，已知超过30%的人口患有某种过敏性疾病。主要的致病因素包括花粉粒、真菌孢子、尘螨、昆虫残骸、动物上皮等。该国不同地区已经开展了多项空气生物学研究，以确定花粉粒和真菌的空气浓度及季节性。最近，开展了一项“全印度空气过敏原与人类健康协调项目”，以查明该国18个不同中心气溶胶的定量和定性流行情况。主要的空气传播花粉有全缘叶栾树、禾本科、菊科、桉属、木麻黄属、朴属、决明属、栎属、椰子属、松属、雪松属、臭椿属、藜科/苋科、莎草属、蓟罂粟属、苍耳属、银胶菊属等。临床和免疫学评估揭示了具有重要变应原性的分类群——其中一些是首次发现。具有重要变应原性的花粉有牧豆树、蓖麻、桑属、野桐属、桤木属、栎属、雪松属、蓟罂粟属、苋属、藜属、全缘叶栾树、芸苔属、椰子属、大麻属、银胶菊属、决明属和禾本科植物。此外，IgE抗体的交叉反应在各种花粉过敏原中是一种常见现象。印度常见杂草蓖麻的花粉与乳胶（巴西橡胶树）、一年生山靛以及蓖麻种子发生交叉反应——它们都属于大戟科。槟榔与棕榈科的其他成员如小棕榈、椰子和扇叶树头榈发生交叉反应。已经分析了多篇关于花粉和水果综合征的报告。我们进行的实验表明，污染物（二氧化氮和二氧化硫）不仅会影响花粉形态，还会改变其变应原效力。除了避免接触过敏原外，还提倡使用来自不同过敏原、具有相似表位的重组蛋白进行免疫治疗。
