Orth Ulrich, Robins Richard W, Trzesniewski Kali H, Maes Jürgen, Schmitt Manfred
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Aug;118(3):472-8. doi: 10.1037/a0015922.
Data from two large longitudinal studies were used to analyze reciprocal relations between self-esteem and depressive symptoms across the adult life span. Study 1 included 1,685 participants aged 18 to 96 years assessed 4 times over a 9-year period. Study 2 included 2,479 participants aged 18 to 88 years assessed 3 times over a 4-year period. In both studies, cross-lagged regression analyses indicated that low self-esteem predicted subsequent depressive symptoms, but depressive symptoms did not predict subsequent levels of self-esteem. This pattern of results replicated across all age groups, for both affective-cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression, and after controlling for content overlap between the self-esteem and depression scales. The results suggest that low self-esteem operates as a risk factor for depressive symptoms at all phases of the adult life span.
来自两项大型纵向研究的数据被用于分析成年期自尊与抑郁症状之间的相互关系。研究1包括1685名年龄在18至96岁之间的参与者，在9年时间里进行了4次评估。研究2包括2479名年龄在18至88岁之间的参与者，在4年时间里进行了3次评估。在两项研究中，交叉滞后回归分析表明，低自尊预示着随后的抑郁症状，但抑郁症状并不能预测随后的自尊水平。这种结果模式在所有年龄组中都得到了重复，无论是抑郁的情感认知症状还是躯体症状，并且在控制了自尊和抑郁量表之间的内容重叠之后。结果表明，低自尊在成年期的所有阶段都是抑郁症状的一个风险因素。
