Spinhoven Philip, Bamelis Lotte, Molendijk Marc, Haringsma Rimke, Arntz Arnoud
Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Aug;118(3):520-30. doi: 10.1037/a0016393.
The study objective was to investigate whether, compared with nonclinical controls, participants with an avoidant, dependent, or obsessive-compulsive Cluster C personality disorder (PD) manifested reduced levels of memory specificity and whether the association of Cluster C PDs with memory specificity is mediated by repetitive negative thoughts and experiential avoidance. The Autobiographical Memory Test (R. J. McNally, N. B. Lasko, M. L. Macklin, & R. K. Pitman, 1995) was administered along with self-report measures (translated into Dutch) for repetitive, uncontrollable, and negative thinking in the form of worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire; T. J. Meyer, M. L. Miller, R. L. Metzger, & T. D. Borkovec, 1990) and experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire; S. C. Hayes et al., 2004) to 294 clinical participants diagnosed with Axis I disorders (assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders [SCID-I]; M. B. First, R. L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, & J. B. W. Williams, 1994) and Axis II disorders (assessed with the SCID-II; M. B. First, R. L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, & J. B. W. Williams, 1997)--202 with avoidant, 49 with dependent, and 120 with obsessive-compulsive PD--and to 108 matched nonclinical controls. Participants with a Cluster C PD showed lower levels of memory specificity than did nonclinical controls. Depression and worry mediated the effect of Cluster C PDs on memory specificity. Besides depression severity, repetitive, uncontrollable, and negative thinking may constitute a general mechanism mediating the association of various Axis I and II disorders with memory specificity.
本研究的目的是调查与非临床对照组相比，患有回避型、依赖型或强迫型C类人格障碍（PD）的参与者是否表现出记忆特异性水平降低，以及C类PD与记忆特异性之间的关联是否由重复性消极思维和经验性回避介导。对294名被诊断患有轴I障碍（使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版轴I障碍结构化临床访谈》[SCID-I]进行评估；M.B. 弗斯特、R.L. 斯皮策、M. 吉本和J.B.W. 威廉姆斯，1994年）和轴II障碍（使用SCID-II进行评估；M.B. 弗斯特、R.L. 斯皮策、M. 吉本和J.B.W. 威廉姆斯，1997年）的临床参与者——202名患有回避型PD、49名患有依赖型PD和120名患有强迫型PD——以及108名匹配的非临床对照组，实施了自传体记忆测试（R.J. 麦克纳利、N.B. 拉斯科、M.L. 麦克林和R.K. 皮特曼，1995年）以及以担忧形式呈现的重复性、无法控制的消极思维（宾夕法尼亚州立大学担忧问卷；T.J. 迈耶、M.L. 米勒、R.L. 梅茨格和T.D. 博尔科维奇，1990年）和经验性回避（接受与行动问卷；S.C. 海斯等人，2004年）的自我报告测量（已翻译成荷兰语）。患有C类PD的参与者表现出比非临床对照组更低的记忆特异性水平。抑郁和担忧介导了C类PD对记忆特异性的影响。除了抑郁严重程度外，重复性、无法控制的消极思维可能构成了一种普遍机制，介导各种轴I和轴II障碍与记忆特异性之间的关联。
