Cawley Emma, Piazza Giulia, Das Ravi K, Kamboj Sunjeev K
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 14;13:1045217. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045217. eCollection 2022.
Over-general autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval is proposed to have a causal role in the maintenance of psychological disorders like depression and PTSD. As such, the identification of drugs that modulate AM specificity may open up new avenues of research on pharmacological modeling and treatment of psychological disorders.
The current review summarizes randomized, placebo-controlled studies of acute pharmacological modulation of AM specificity.
A systematic search was conducted of studies that examined the acute effects of pharmacological interventions on AM specificity in human volunteers (healthy and clinical participants) measured using the Autobiographical Memory Test.
Seventeen studies were identified (986 total participants), of which 16 were judged to have low risk of bias. The presence and direction of effects varied across drugs and diagnostic status of participants (clinical vs. healthy volunteers). The most commonly studied drug-hydrocortisone-produced an overall in AM specificity in healthy volunteers [ = -0.28, CI (-0.53, -0.03), = 0.03], although were reported in two studies of clinical participants. In general, studies of monoamine modulators reported no effect on specificity.
Pharmacological enhancement of AM specificity is inconsistent, although monaminergic modulators show little promise in this regard. Drugs that reduce AM specificity in healthy volunteers may be useful experimental-pharmacological tools that mimic an important transdiagnostic impairment in psychological disorders.
PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020199076, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020199076.
过度泛化的自传体记忆（AM）提取被认为在抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍等心理障碍的维持中起因果作用。因此，识别调节AM特异性的药物可能会为心理障碍的药理模型和治疗开辟新的研究途径。
本综述总结了关于AM特异性急性药理调节的随机、安慰剂对照研究。
对使用自传体记忆测试测量的人类志愿者（健康和临床参与者）中药物干预对AM特异性的急性影响的研究进行了系统检索。
共纳入17项研究（总计986名参与者），其中16项被判定为低偏倚风险。药物和参与者的诊断状态（临床与健康志愿者）不同，效应的存在和方向也有所不同。研究最多的药物——氢化可的松——在健康志愿者中总体上降低了AM特异性[标准化均值差（SMD）=-0.28，95%置信区间（CI）为（-0.53，-0.03），P=0.03]，尽管在两项临床参与者研究中报告了相反的结果。一般来说，单胺调节剂的研究报告对特异性没有影响。
AM特异性的药理增强并不一致，尽管单胺能调节剂在这方面前景渺茫。在健康志愿者中降低AM特异性的药物可能是有用的实验药理学工具，可模拟心理障碍中一种重要的跨诊断损伤。
PROSPERO，标识符CRD42020199076，https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020199076 。
