Johns Elizabeth E, Mewhort D J K
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1162-74. doi: 10.1037/a0016372.
The authors examined priming within the test sequence in 3 recognition memory experiments. A probe primed its successor whenever both probes shared a feature with the same studied item (interjacent priming), indicating that the study item like the probe is central to the decision. Interjacent priming occurred even when the 2 probes did not themselves share any features: A lure that shared a single feature with a study item primed a lure that shared a different feature with the same study item. The experiments distinguished interjacent priming from other types of facilitation. Interjacent priming indicates that a study item that is like the probe is more relevant to the decision than other study items, contrary to global memory models. It also shows that negative decisions depend on contradiction, not insufficient familiarity, because lures, as well as targets, benefited. The data are discussed in terms of a recall check within a dual-process theory, but the authors prefer a single-process resonance model with separate decision mechanisms for yes and no responses (D. J. K. Mewhort & E. E. Johns, 2005).
作者在3个识别记忆实验中研究了测试序列中的启动效应。只要两个探测刺激与同一个学习项目具有相同特征，探测刺激就会启动其后续刺激（相邻启动效应），这表明与探测刺激相似的学习项目对决策至关重要。即使两个探测刺激本身没有任何共同特征，相邻启动效应也会出现：与一个学习项目共享单一特征的诱饵会启动与同一学习项目共享不同特征的诱饵。这些实验将相邻启动效应与其他类型的促进效应区分开来。相邻启动效应表明，与探测刺激相似的学习项目比其他学习项目与决策更相关，这与整体记忆模型相反。它还表明，否定决策取决于矛盾，而非熟悉度不足，因为诱饵和目标都从中受益。本文根据双加工理论中的回忆检查对数据进行了讨论，但作者更倾向于一种单加工共振模型，该模型对肯定和否定反应具有独立的决策机制（D. J. K. 梅霍特和E. E. 约翰斯，2005年）。
