Allum Paul H, Wheeldon L
School of Intercultural Communication, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1240-55. doi: 10.1037/a0016367.
Building on P. H. Allum and L. Wheeldon (2007), the authors conducted 5 experiments to investigate the scope of lexical access during spoken sentence production in Japanese and English. Speakers described pairs of pictured objects, and on critical trials, 1 object was previewed. In Japanese, sentence onset is speeded by the preview of each of the 2 pictures used to elicit a sentence initial coordinated noun phrase (Experiment 1). When the same displays are used to elicit an alternative Japanese listing structure, onset latencies are speeded only by the preview of the first picture to be named (Experiment 2). The findings of Experiment 1 were therefore not the result of stimulus design. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of Experiment 1 in English. Experiments 4 and 5 tested a subject phrase consisting of a noun phrase modified by a prepositional phrase in English and Japanese. In both languages, only preview of the first picture to be named speeds responses, irrespective of whether it occurs in the head phrase (English) or not (Japanese). These results suggest that prior to utterance onset, only access to the nouns for the first phrase to be produced is required, even if this is not the head phrase. The implications for speech production models are discussed.
基于P. H. 阿勒姆和L. 惠尔登（2007年）的研究，作者进行了5项实验，以调查日语和英语口语句子生成过程中词汇通达的范围。说话者描述成对的图片物体，在关键试验中，预先展示1个物体。在日语中，用于引出句子开头并列名词短语的2张图片中的每一张的预先展示都会加快句子起始速度（实验1）。当使用相同的展示来引出另一种日语列举结构时，起始潜伏期仅在要命名的第一张图片预先展示时才会加快（实验2）。因此，实验1的结果不是刺激设计的结果。实验3在英语中重复了实验1的结果。实验4和5测试了一个由介词短语修饰的名词短语组成的主语短语，该短语在英语和日语中都有。在这两种语言中，只有要命名的第一张图片的预先展示会加快反应速度，无论它是否出现在中心短语中（英语）或不出现在中心短语中（日语）。这些结果表明，在话语开始之前，即使第一个要生成的短语不是中心短语，也只需要通达该短语中的名词。文中讨论了这些结果对言语生成模型的启示。
