Sampaio Cristina, Wang Ranxiao Frances
Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1331-7. doi: 10.1037/a0016377.
Studies have consistently shown a spatial memory bias such that a target location is remembered toward the prototypical location of the region to which the target belongs, indicating a blending between the target's specific information and the generic information of its region. The authors investigated whether people retain a veridical representation of a target location after a delay by determining the locus of the blending (during encoding, delay, or retrieval). To examine accessibility to the original target location, they used a recognition task, which is less demanding than the traditional reproduction procedure. The results showed that participants were able to recognize the original position of a target over their own biased recalled position after both a short (1,500 ms) and a longer (5,000 ms) delay. These findings reveal that spatial memories can be undistorted despite distorted recall responses. Results are discussed in terms of J. Huttenlocher, L. V. Hedges, and S. Duncan's (1991) category adjustment model.
研究一直表明存在一种空间记忆偏差，即目标位置会朝着目标所属区域的原型位置被记住，这表明目标的特定信息与其区域的一般信息之间存在融合。作者通过确定融合的位置（在编码、延迟或检索期间）来研究人们在延迟后是否保留目标位置的真实表征。为了检验对原始目标位置的可及性，他们使用了一种识别任务，该任务比传统的再现程序要求更低。结果表明，在短延迟（1500毫秒）和长延迟（5000毫秒）后，参与者都能够识别目标的原始位置，而不是他们自己有偏差的回忆位置。这些发现表明，尽管回忆反应存在偏差，但空间记忆仍可保持不变。研究结果根据J. 胡滕洛赫尔、L. V. 赫奇斯和S. 邓肯（1991年）的类别调整模型进行了讨论。
