Ma Dengke K, Kim Woon Ryoung, Ming Guo-li, Song Hongjun
The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Cell Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1170:664-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04373.x.
The adult mammalian brain continuously generates new neurons in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus throughout life. Adult neurogenesis, a highly dynamic process, has been shown to be exquisitely modulated by neuronal circuit activity at different stages, from proliferation of adult neural progenitors, to differentiation, maturation, integration, and survival of newborn neurons in the adult brain. Strategic activity-dependent addition of new neurons into the existing neuronal circuitry represents a prominent form of structural plasticity and may contribute to specific brain functions, such as learning, memory, and mood modulation. Here we review extrinsic mechanisms through which adult neurogenesis is regulated by environmental cues, physiological learning-related stimuli, and neuronal activities.
成年哺乳动物的大脑在其一生中持续在嗅球和海马体中生成新的神经元。成体神经发生是一个高度动态的过程，已被证明在不同阶段受到神经元回路活动的精确调节，从成年神经祖细胞的增殖，到新生神经元在成体大脑中的分化、成熟、整合和存活。通过策略性地将新神经元依赖活动地添加到现有的神经元回路中，这代表了一种突出的结构可塑性形式，并且可能有助于特定的脑功能，如学习、记忆和情绪调节。在这里，我们综述了外部机制，通过这些机制，成体神经发生受到环境线索、与学习相关的生理刺激以及神经元活动的调节。
