Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009;336:105-20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-00549-7_6.
Innate pattern recognition receptors are implicated in first-line defense against pathogens but also participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis and response to injury. This chapter reviews the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in neuronal and glial responses that are associated with neurodegeneration. Accompanying roles for infection and inflammation, involvement in clinical neurodegenerative disorders, and heterogeneity of glial response are discussed. A "strength of signal" hypothesis is advanced in an attempt to reconcile evolutionarily selected and therefore likely beneficial effects of TLR signaling in the nervous system with capability for neurotoxocity and gliotoxicity.
先天模式识别受体参与了对病原体的一线防御，但也参与了组织内稳态的维持和对损伤的反应。本章回顾了 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 在与神经退行性变相关的神经元和神经胶质反应中的作用。讨论了感染和炎症的伴随作用、在临床神经退行性疾病中的参与以及神经胶质反应的异质性。提出了“信号强度”假说，试图调和 TLR 信号在神经系统中的进化选择和因此可能有益的作用与神经毒性和神经胶质毒性的能力。
