Varki Ajit, Freeze Hudson H, Manzi Adriana E
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Sanford Children's Health Research Center and Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California.
Curr Protoc Protein Sci. 2009 Aug;Chapter 12:12.1.1-12.1.10. doi: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1201s57.
Whereas DNA, RNA, and proteins are linear polymers that can usually be directly sequenced, glycans show substantially more complexity, having branching and anomeric configurations (alpha and beta linkages). The biosynthesis of glycans, termed glycosylation, is extremely complex, is not template-driven, varies among different cell types, and cannot be easily predicted from simple rules. This overview discusses the stereochemistry of monosaccharides and glycans and provides diagrammatic representations of monosaccharides (Fisher projections and Haworth representations) and formulas for representation of glycan chains. A glossary of terms used in glycobiology is also provided.
DNA、RNA和蛋白质是通常可以直接测序的线性聚合物，而聚糖则表现出更高的复杂性，具有分支和异头构型（α和β连接）。聚糖的生物合成，即糖基化，极其复杂，不是模板驱动的，在不同细胞类型中存在差异，并且无法通过简单规则轻易预测。本综述讨论了单糖和聚糖的立体化学，并提供了单糖的图示表示（费歇尔投影式和哈沃斯表示式）以及聚糖链表示的公式。还提供了糖生物学中使用的术语词汇表。
