Teixeira Luís A F, Gut Larry J, Isaacs Rufus, Alston Diane G
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2009 Aug;38(4):955-61. doi: 10.1603/022.038.0401.
We studied the timing of reproductive maturity of cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), a key pest of sweet and tart cherries in the eastern United States. To determine when cherry fruit fly females become reproductively mature in managed and natural habitats, we deployed traps in sweet and tart cherry orchards and nearby stands of the ancestral host tree, black cherry. Flies were removed from the traps and females were dissected to determine the presence of fully developed eggs. We found that capture of reproductively mature female flies occurred earlier in orchards that are not sprayed with insecticides than in sprayed orchards or in black cherry tree sites. In addition, the gap between the flights of immature and mature females in unmanaged sweet or tart cherry orchards was shorter than in managed orchards or black cherry tree sites. We also determined fruit color, size, and skin hardness to characterize the progression of fruit maturity. We found that fruit became mature earlier in sweet and tart cherry orchards than in black cherry tree sites. This study indicates that the timing of female reproductive maturity is plastic and varies among cherry fruit fly populations present in distinct habitats. Variation in the timing of reproductive maturity is related to the fruit maturity period of distinct host plant species and to orchard management.
我们研究了樱桃果蝇（Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew)）的生殖成熟时间，该果蝇是美国东部甜樱桃和酸樱桃的主要害虫。为了确定樱桃果蝇雌虫在人工管理和自然栖息地中何时达到生殖成熟，我们在甜樱桃园和酸樱桃园以及附近的原生寄主树黑樱桃林分中设置了诱捕器。从诱捕器中取出果蝇，解剖雌虫以确定是否存在完全发育的卵。我们发现，在未喷洒杀虫剂的果园中，捕获到生殖成熟雌蝇的时间比喷洒杀虫剂的果园或黑樱桃树区域更早。此外，在未管理的甜樱桃园或酸樱桃园中，未成熟雌蝇和成熟雌蝇羽化之间的间隔比管理果园或黑樱桃树区域更短。我们还测定了果实颜色、大小和果皮硬度，以表征果实成熟的进程。我们发现，甜樱桃园和酸樱桃园中的果实比黑樱桃树区域的果实成熟得更早。这项研究表明，雌虫生殖成熟的时间具有可塑性，且在不同栖息地的樱桃果蝇种群中有所不同。生殖成熟时间的变化与不同寄主植物物种的果实成熟期以及果园管理有关。
