Helke C J, Krause J E, Mantyh P W, Couture R, Bannon M J
Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
FASEB J. 1990 Apr 1;4(6):1606-15.
The tachykinins comprise a family of closely related peptides that participate in the regulation of diverse biological processes. The tachykinin peptides substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin A(3-10), neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide gamma are produced from a single preprotachykinin gene as a result of differential RNA splicing and differential posttranslational processing. Another tachykinin, neurokinin B, is produced from a separate preprotachykinin gene. These preprotachykinin mRNAs and peptide products are differentially distributed throughout the nervous system. Three distinct G protein-coupled tachykinin receptors exist for these tachykinin peptides. The three receptors interact differentially with the tachykinin peptides and are uniquely distributed throughout the nervous system. The NK-1 receptor preferentially interacts with substance P, the NK-2 receptor prefers neurokinin A, neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide gamma, and the NK-3 receptor interacts best with neurokinin B. Examples of the roles of tachykinin peptidergic neuronal systems are taken from the spinal cord sensory system and the nigrostriatal extrapyramidal motor system. Analysis of the functional significance of multiple tachykinin peptide systems, receptor-second messenger coupling mechanisms, and developmental and regulatory mechanisms underlying peptide mRNA and receptor expression represent areas of current and future investigation.
速激肽是一族密切相关的肽类，参与多种生物学过程的调节。由于RNA剪接差异和翻译后加工差异，速激肽肽类物质P、神经激肽A、神经激肽A(3 - 10)、神经肽K和神经肽γ由单一的前速激肽原基因产生。另一种速激肽神经激肽B由一个单独的前速激肽原基因产生。这些前速激肽原mRNA和肽产物在整个神经系统中呈差异分布。针对这些速激肽肽类存在三种不同的G蛋白偶联速激肽受体。这三种受体与速激肽肽类的相互作用不同，且在整个神经系统中独特分布。NK - 1受体优先与物质P相互作用，NK - 2受体偏好神经激肽A、神经肽K和神经肽γ，NK - 3受体与神经激肽B的相互作用最佳。速激肽肽能神经元系统作用的例子取自脊髓感觉系统和黑质纹状体锥体外系运动系统。对多种速激肽肽系统的功能意义、受体 - 第二信使偶联机制以及肽mRNA和受体表达的发育和调节机制的分析代表了当前和未来的研究领域。
