Eur Psychiatry. 1997;12(6):305-10. doi: 10.1016/S0924-9338(97)84791-8.
Past studies examining the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among migrants have described a higher rate of schizophrenia, whereas the only major German study found a lower rate. Considering the changed composition of migrants today, a new assessment has become necessary. All admission records of migrants to a psychiatric clinic in 1993 and 1994 were assessed for diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment. Two hundred sixty-three migrant admissions, 8.4% of total admissions, were assessed. Of these 41.4% received a diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder, significantly more than other clinic patients. The mean age at admission was 33.8 years, at onset of illness 28.6 years and at time of migration 20.3 years. Only 7.9% were mentally ill at the time of migration. Of those with psychotic and depressive symptoms at admission, 70% received a diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder and 78% were treated with antipsychotics. Antidepressants were prescribed only to 47% of those with a diagnosis of a depressive disorder and only 33% of those with depressive and no psychotic symptoms. An underrepresentation of migrants shows differences in the use of psychiatric services. The higher rate of schizophrenia may be due to misdiagnosis, an artifactual effect of underrepresentation of other disorders or an actual higher rate among migrants. The reluctance to use antidepressants underlines the necessity of training, so as not to withhold treatment options due to cultural barriers.
过去研究移民中精神障碍的患病率的研究表明精神分裂症的发病率较高，而唯一一项德国的大型研究却发现发病率较低。考虑到今天移民的构成已经发生变化，因此需要进行新的评估。对 1993 年和 1994 年一家精神病诊所收治的移民的所有入院记录进行了评估，以确定诊断、症状和治疗方法。评估了 263 名移民患者，占总入院人数的 8.4%。其中 41.4%被诊断为精神分裂症，明显高于其他诊所患者。入院时的平均年龄为 33.8 岁，发病年龄为 28.6 岁，移民时年龄为 20.3 岁。只有 7.9%的人在移民时患有精神疾病。在入院时有精神病和抑郁症状的人中，70%被诊断为精神分裂症，78%接受了抗精神病药物治疗。仅对 47%被诊断为抑郁症的患者和 78%有抑郁症状但无精神病症状的患者开具了抗抑郁药。移民的代表性不足表明在使用精神卫生服务方面存在差异。精神分裂症发病率较高可能是由于误诊、其他疾病代表性不足的人为影响，或者是移民中实际发病率较高所致。不愿使用抗抑郁药强调了培训的必要性，以免由于文化障碍而拒绝治疗选择。
