Brownell Kelly D, Schwartz Marlene B, Puhl Rebecca M, Henderson Kathryn E, Harris Jennifer L
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Sep;45(3 Suppl):S8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.004. Epub 2009 Jun 11.
Record levels of obesity in children and adolescents are predictable in light of powerful conditions that promote high consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and discourage physical activity. Default conditions for youth are dangerous, and include multiple and relentless forms of marketing, poor foods promoted in schools, and a variety of other conditions that undermine personal resources, individual responsibility, and parental authority. This article discusses how optimal defaults can be created using five issues as examples: framing of the obesity issue, treating versus preventing obesity, nutrition in schools, marketing, and addressing weight bias and discrimination. By adopting a public health approach that addresses the conditions causing obesity, there is hope of reversing troubling trends in prevalence.
鉴于存在一些有力因素促使人们大量食用高热量、低营养的食物，同时减少身体活动，儿童和青少年肥胖率达到创纪录水平是可预见的。青少年的默认状况是危险的，包括多种持续不断的营销形式、学校推广的不健康食品，以及各种破坏个人资源、个人责任感和家长权威的其他状况。本文以五个问题为例，探讨如何创造最佳默认选项：肥胖问题的框架设定、肥胖的治疗与预防、学校营养、营销，以及应对体重偏见和歧视。通过采用一种解决导致肥胖的各种状况的公共卫生方法，有望扭转令人担忧的流行趋势。
