Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil.
J Appl Toxicol. 2010 Jan;30(1):8-14. doi: 10.1002/jat.1464.
Regardless of official recommendations, the inappropriate use of homemade hair creams has became a popular practice in Brazil and high formaldehyde content in the 'progressive straightening' creams has been reported. In the present work, three of these creams were analyzed by spectrophotometric, chromatographic and genotoxic assays in order to evaluate mutagenic risks associated with the uncontrolled addition of formaldehyde at contents higher than those allowed by regulation. The ultraviolet and Fourier-transformed infrared absorption spectra showed characteristic signals that can be assigned to formaldehyde, although with different relative intensities, revealing distinct compositions. Using high-performance liquid chromatography 1.6-10.5% w/v formaldehyde was quantified. Antibacterial activity was detected in all creams. At 0.10 microg per plate, one of them showed positive mutagenicity induction (P < 0.05) in the Salmonella/microsome assay using the TA100 strain. The measurement of beta-galactosidase induction in the SOS chromotest by this cream, at dosages of 10-100 microg per assay, was positive (P < 0.05) in Escherichia coli PQ37 and OG100 strains. Our data show a more intense genotoxic response than those reported before for formaldehyde, suggesting that this compound may be acting synergistically with any unknown components in the creams or perhaps these unspecified components by themselves might have significant genotoxic potential. We call attention to the popular use of homemade formulations of cosmetics, such as hair straightening creams, because they can contain mutagens that could increase the incidence of neoplasia in those people who use them.
尽管有官方建议，巴西还是流行起了自行调配美发乳膏，且这些乳膏中的甲醛含量过高。在本研究中，我们采用分光光度法、色谱法和遗传毒性检测法分析了三种自制乳膏，以评估其不受控添加甲醛（含量高于法规允许值）所带来的诱变风险。乳膏的紫外和傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱显示出特征信号，可归因于甲醛，虽然相对强度不同，但表明了其不同的组成。采用高效液相色谱法检测到 1.6-10.5%w/v 的甲醛。所有乳膏都显示出抗菌活性。其中一种乳膏在使用 TA100 菌株的沙门氏菌/微粒体试验中，在 0.10μg/平板时显示出阳性诱变诱导（P<0.05）。用该乳膏在 SOS 显色试验中对大肠杆菌 PQ37 和 OG100 菌株进行的β-半乳糖苷酶诱导检测显示，在 10-100μg/试验剂量时呈阳性（P<0.05）。我们的数据显示出比以前报道的甲醛更强的遗传毒性反应，表明该化合物可能与乳膏中的任何未知成分协同作用，或者这些未指定的成分本身可能具有显著的遗传毒性潜力。我们提请注意，像直发乳膏这样的自制化妆品的广泛使用，因为它们可能含有诱变剂，从而增加使用它们的人患肿瘤的几率。
