Di Castelnuovo Augusto, Costanzo Simona, di Giuseppe Romina, de Gaetano Giovanni, Iacoviello Licia
RE ARTU' Research Laboratories, John Paul II Center for High Technology Research & Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
Future Cardiol. 2009 Sep;5(5):467-77. doi: 10.2217/fca.09.36.
An inverse association between moderate alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk, in particular coronary disease and ischemic stroke, has been demonstrated in many epidemiologic studies. In addition, several not primarily vascular diseases are also known to occur less frequently in moderate drinkers than in nondrinkers, whereas excess drinking is unquestionably harmful. As a consequence, strong concern exists on the possibility that at any dosage the benefit of alcohol could overcome its harmful effects. Alcohol affects several biochemical factors that have potential cardioprotective benefits, including lipids, platelet aggregation, fibrinogen, tissue-plasminogen activator, plasminogen-activator inhibitor and omega-3 fatty acids. Wine possibly acts through mechanisms that might provide additional cardiovascular benefits. Mechanisms supporting the protective effect of moderate alcohol intake against cardiovascular disease, and epidemiologic evidence concerning the relationship between alcohol dosing and vascular and all-cause mortality are discussed in this review.
许多流行病学研究表明，适度饮酒与心血管疾病风险，尤其是冠心病和缺血性中风之间存在负相关。此外，一些并非主要为血管疾病的情况也已知在适度饮酒者中比不饮酒者发生得更少，而过度饮酒无疑是有害的。因此，人们强烈关注酒精在任何剂量下其益处是否能超过其有害影响的可能性。酒精会影响多种具有潜在心脏保护益处的生化因素，包括脂质、血小板聚集、纤维蛋白原、组织纤溶酶原激活物、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂和ω-3脂肪酸。葡萄酒可能通过一些机制发挥作用，这些机制可能会带来额外的心血管益处。本综述讨论了支持适度饮酒对心血管疾病具有保护作用的机制，以及关于酒精剂量与血管和全因死亡率之间关系的流行病学证据。
