Jung Christian, Müller Andreas E
Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
Trends Plant Sci. 2009 Oct;14(10):563-73. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.07.005. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
Shifting the seasonal timing of reproduction is a major goal of plant breeding efforts to produce novel varieties that are better adapted to local environments and changing climatic conditions. The key regulators of floral transition have been studied extensively in model species, and in recent years a growing number of related genes have been identified in crop species, with some notable exceptions. These sequences and variants thereof, as well as several major genes which were only identified in crop species, can now be used by breeders as molecular markers and for targeted genetic modification of flowering time. This article reviews the major floral regulatory pathways and discusses current and novel strategies for altering bolting and flowering behavior in crop plants.
改变繁殖的季节性时间是植物育种工作的一个主要目标，目的是培育出更能适应当地环境和不断变化的气候条件的新品种。在模式物种中，人们对开花转变的关键调节因子进行了广泛研究，近年来，在作物物种中也鉴定出了越来越多的相关基因，但也有一些显著的例外情况。这些序列及其变体，以及一些仅在作物物种中鉴定出的主要基因，现在育种者可以将其用作分子标记，并用于对开花时间进行靶向基因改造。本文综述了主要的开花调控途径，并讨论了改变作物抽薹和开花行为的现有策略和新策略。
