Voss Anne K, Thomas Tim
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
Bioessays. 2009 Oct;31(10):1050-61. doi: 10.1002/bies.200900051.
Acetylation of histones is an essential element regulating chromatin structure and transcription. MYST (Moz, Ybf2/Sas3, Sas2, Tip60) proteins form the largest family of histone acetyltransferases and are present in all eukaryotes. Surprisingly, until recently this protein family was poorly studied. However, in the last few years there has been a substantial increase in interest in the MYST proteins and a number of key studies have shown that these chromatin modifiers are required for a diverse range of cellular processes, both in health and disease. Translocations affecting MYST histone acetyltransferases can lead to leukemia and solid tumors. Some members of the MYST family are required for the development and self-renewal of stem cell populations; other members are essential for the prevention of inappropriate heterochromatin spreading and for the maintenance of adequate levels of gene expression. In this review we discuss the function of MYST proteins in vivo.
组蛋白乙酰化是调节染色质结构和转录的关键因素。MYST（Moz、Ybf2/Sas3、Sas2、Tip60）蛋白构成了最大的组蛋白乙酰转移酶家族，存在于所有真核生物中。令人惊讶的是，直到最近对这个蛋白家族的研究仍很匮乏。然而，在过去几年里，对MYST蛋白的兴趣大幅增加，一些关键研究表明，这些染色质修饰因子在健康和疾病状态下的多种细胞过程中都是必需的。影响MYST组蛋白乙酰转移酶的易位可导致白血病和实体瘤。MYST家族的一些成员是干细胞群体发育和自我更新所必需的；其他成员对于防止不适当的异染色质扩散以及维持足够水平的基因表达至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了MYST蛋白在体内的功能。
