Yanagihara R
Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Rev Infect Dis. 1990 May-Jun;12(3):449-57. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.3.449.
Multiple species of murid and arvicolid (microtine) rodents serve as the reservoir hosts of hantaviruses, the etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Three antigenically distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Microtus pennsylvanicus captured in the United States, and serologic evidence of a hantavirus enzootic has been found in several other indigenous rodent species. In residential districts of port cities such as Baltimore, nearly 50% of Norway rats are infected with viruses that are serologically indistinguishable from disease-causing Hantavirus strains isolated from rats in the Far East. Despite the widespread distribution of Hantavirus-infected rodents, confirmed cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome have not been recognized in the United States. Moreover, the overall risk of hantavirus infection in humans in the United States is low, even among individuals who have frequent exposure to commensal and wild rodents. Studies are needed to define the clinical spectrum of hantavirus infection in humans in the United States.
多种家鼠科和田鼠亚科（田鼠类）啮齿动物是汉坦病毒的储存宿主，汉坦病毒是肾综合征出血热的病原体。从美国捕获的褐家鼠、小家鼠和宾夕法尼亚田鼠中分离出了三种抗原性不同的汉坦病毒，并且在其他几种本土啮齿动物物种中也发现了汉坦病毒地方性流行的血清学证据。在巴尔的摩等港口城市的居民区，近50%的褐家鼠感染了病毒，这些病毒在血清学上与从远东地区大鼠中分离出的致病汉坦病毒株无法区分。尽管感染汉坦病毒的啮齿动物分布广泛，但在美国尚未发现确诊的肾综合征出血热病例。此外，美国人类感染汉坦病毒的总体风险较低，即使是经常接触共生和野生啮齿动物的个体也是如此。需要开展研究来明确美国人类汉坦病毒感染的临床谱。
