National Resource Center for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Pb, 23 Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009 Sep 3;10:107. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-107.
Chronic rheumatic diseases are painful conditions which are not entirely controllable and can place high emotional demands on individuals. Increasing evidence has shown that emotion regulation in terms of actively processing and expressing disease-related emotions are likely to promote positive adjustment in patients with chronic diseases. The Emotional Approach Coping Scale (EAC) measures active attempts to acknowledge, understand, and express emotions. Although tested in other clinical samples, the EAC has not been validated for patients with rheumatic diseases. This study evaluated the data quality, internal consistency reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the EAC for this group of patients.
220 patients with different rheumatic diseases were included in a cross-sectional study in which data quality and internal consistency were assessed. Construct validity was assessed through comparisons with the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20). Responsiveness was tested in a longitudinal pretest-posttest study of two different coping interventions, the Vitality Training Program (VTP) and a Self-Management Program (SMP).
The EAC had low levels of missing data. Results from principal component analysis supported two subscales, Emotional Expression and Emotional Processing, which had high Cronbach's alphas of 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The EAC had correlations with approach-oriented items in the BACQ in the range 0.17-0.50. The EAC Expression scale had a significant negative correlation with the GHQ-20 of -0.13. As hypothesized, participation in the VTP significantly improved EAC scores, indicating responsiveness to change.
The EAC is an acceptable and valid instrument for measuring emotional processing and expression in patients with rheumatic diseases. The EAC scales were responsive to change in an intervention designed to promote emotion regulation. The instrument has not yet been tested for test-retest reliability, which is recommended in future studies.
慢性风湿性疾病是疼痛性疾病，无法完全控制，会给个体带来高度的情绪压力。越来越多的证据表明，积极处理和表达与疾病相关的情绪的情绪调节可能会促进慢性病患者的积极调整。情绪应对量表（EAC）衡量主动承认、理解和表达情绪的尝试。尽管在其他临床样本中进行了测试，但 EAC 尚未针对风湿性疾病患者进行验证。本研究评估了挪威版 EAC 在这组患者中的数据质量、内部一致性可靠性、有效性和反应性。
220 名患有不同风湿性疾病的患者参加了一项横断面研究，评估了数据质量和内部一致性。通过与简要应对/回避应对问卷（BACQ）和一般健康问卷（GHQ-20）进行比较来评估结构有效性。在针对两种不同应对干预措施（活力训练计划（VTP）和自我管理计划（SMP）的纵向预测试后研究中测试了反应性。
EAC 的缺失数据水平较低。主成分分析的结果支持两个分量表，即情绪表达和情绪处理，它们的 Cronbach's alpha 分别为 0.90 和 0.92。EAC 与 BACQ 中面向方法的项目之间的相关性在 0.17 到 0.50 之间。EAC 表达量表与 GHQ-20 的显著负相关为-0.13。如假设的那样，参加 VTP 显著改善了 EAC 评分，表明对变化的反应。
EAC 是一种可接受且有效的测量风湿性疾病患者情绪处理和表达的工具。EAC 量表对旨在促进情绪调节的干预措施的变化具有反应性。该工具尚未经过测试以确定重测信度，建议在未来的研究中进行测试。
