Holmøy Trygve
Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
Eur Neurol. 2009;62(5):311-5. doi: 10.1159/000235944. Epub 2009 Sep 3.
The discovery of the oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was a major step forward in the understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Separation of IgG molecules produced by different B cell clones was not possible until agar electrophoresis was invented in 1950. The key observation that led to the discovery of OCB can be dated back to 1959, when Karcher, van Sande and Lowenthal reported that agar electrophoresis subdivided CSF gamma-globulins from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis into several individual fractions, which were distinguishable with densitometry. OCB were detected in CSF from patients with trypanosomiasis, neurosyphilis and MS by the same research group in 1960. The discovery of OCB was preceded by the detection of intrathecal IgG synthesis with Tiselilus' moving boundary electrophoresis by Kabat in 1942. This method did not allow separation of IgG molecules produced by different B cell clones, and it is therefore a misconception that Kabat discovered the OCB. The discovery of OCB led to the still prevailing concept that MS is mediated by clonally expanded lymphocytes, and provided the basis for modern diagnostic procedures in MS.
脑脊液（CSF）中寡克隆IgG带（OCB）的发现是理解多发性硬化症（MS）及其他中枢神经系统炎性疾病的一个重大进展。直到1950年发明琼脂电泳，才得以分离不同B细胞克隆产生的IgG分子。导致OCB发现的关键观察结果可追溯到1959年，当时卡彻、范桑德和洛温塔尔报告称，琼脂电泳将一名亚急性硬化性全脑炎患者的脑脊液γ球蛋白细分为几个单独的组分，这些组分可用密度测定法区分。1960年，同一研究小组在锥虫病、神经梅毒和MS患者的脑脊液中检测到了OCB。在OCB发现之前，1942年卡巴特用蒂塞利乌斯移动界面电泳法检测到了鞘内IgG合成。该方法无法分离不同B细胞克隆产生的IgG分子，因此认为卡巴特发现了OCB是一种误解。OCB的发现导致了MS由克隆性扩增淋巴细胞介导这一至今仍流行的概念，并为MS的现代诊断程序提供了基础。
