Urner Martin, Tornic Jure, Bloch Konrad E
Sleep Disorders Center, Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
Chronobiol Int. 2009 Aug;26(6):1222-34. doi: 10.3109/07420520903244600.
We performed a longitudinal study to investigate whether changes in social zeitgebers and age alter sleep patterns in students during the transition from high school to university. Actimetry was performed on 24 high-school students (mean age+/-SD: 18.4+/-0.9 yrs; 12 females) for two weeks. Recordings were repeated in the same subjects 5 yrs later when they were university students. The sleep period duration and its center, the mid-sleep time, and total sleep time were estimated by actimetry. Actigraphic total sleep time was similar when in high school and at the university on school days (6.31+/-0.47 vs. 6.45+/-0.80 h, p = ns) and longer on leisure days by 1.10+/-1.10 h (p < 0.0001 vs. school days) when in high school, but not at the university. Compared to the high school situation, the mid-sleep time was delayed when at the university on school days (03:11+/-0.6 vs. 03:55+/-0.7 h, p < 0.0001), but not on leisure days. Individual mid-sleep times on school and leisure days when in high school were significantly correlated with the corresponding values 5 yrs later when at the university (r = 0.58 and r = 0.55, p < 0.05, respectively). The large differences in total sleep time between school and leisure days when students attended high school and the delayed mid-sleep time on school days when students attended university are consistent with a circadian phase shift due to changes in class schedules, other zeitgebers, and lifestyle preferences. Age-related changes may also have occurred, although some individuality of the sleep pattern was maintained during the 5 yr study span. These findings have important implications for optimizing school and work schedules in students of different age and level of education.
我们进行了一项纵向研究，以调查社会时间线索和年龄的变化是否会在学生从高中过渡到大学期间改变其睡眠模式。对24名高中生（平均年龄±标准差：18.4±0.9岁；12名女性）进行了为期两周的活动监测。5年后，当这些受试者成为大学生时，再次对他们进行记录。通过活动监测估计睡眠时间长度及其中心、睡眠中间时间和总睡眠时间。在高中和大学上学日时，活动记录仪记录的总睡眠时间相似（6.31±0.47小时对6.45±0.80小时，p=无显著差异），而在高中时休闲日的总睡眠时间比上学日长1.10±1.10小时（p<0.0001，与上学日相比），但在大学时并非如此。与高中时相比，大学上学日的睡眠中间时间延迟（03:11±0.6对03:55±0.7小时，p<0.0001），但休闲日并非如此。高中时上学日和休闲日的个体睡眠中间时间与5年后大学时的相应值显著相关（r=0.58和r=0.55，p<0.05）。学生上高中时上学日和休闲日总睡眠时间的巨大差异以及上大学时上学日睡眠中间时间的延迟与由于课程安排、其他时间线索和生活方式偏好的变化导致的昼夜节律相位偏移一致。尽管在5年的研究期间睡眠模式保持了一些个体差异，但年龄相关的变化可能也已发生。这些发现对于优化不同年龄和教育水平学生的学校和工作时间表具有重要意义。
