Lee Brian, Sarin Love, Johnson Natalie C, Hurt Robert H
Division of Engineering, and Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Aug 1;43(15):5915-20. doi: 10.1021/es9013097.
Compact fluorescent lamps contain small quantities of mercury, release of which can lead to human exposures of potential concern in special cases involving multiple lamps, confined spaces, or young children. The exposure scenarios typically involve solid lamp debris that slowly releases elemental mercury vapor to indoor spaces. Here we propose and demonstrate a reactive barrier approach for the suppression of that mercury release, and demonstrate the concept using uncoated amorphous nanoselenium as the reactive component. Multilayer structures containing an impregnated reactive layer and a mercury vapor barrier are fabricated, characterized, and evaluated in three exposure prevention scenarios: carpeted break sites, disposal/recycling bags, and boxes as used for retail sales, shipping, and collection. The reactive barriers achieve significant suppression of mercury release to indoor spaces in each of thethree scenarios. The nanoselenium barriers also exhibit a unique indicator function that can reveal the location of Hg contamination by local reaction-induced change in optical properties. The article also presents results on equilibrium Hg vapor pressure above lamp debris, mathematical modeling of reaction and transport processes within reactive barriers, and landfill stability of nanoselenium and its reaction products.
紧凑型荧光灯含有少量汞，在涉及多个灯具、密闭空间或幼儿的特殊情况下，汞的释放可能导致人体受到潜在的关注。暴露场景通常涉及固体灯碎片，这些碎片会缓慢地向室内空间释放元素汞蒸气。在此，我们提出并展示了一种用于抑制汞释放的反应性屏障方法，并以未涂层的非晶态纳米硒作为反应性成分来演示这一概念。制备了包含浸渍反应层和汞蒸气屏障的多层结构，并在三种预防暴露场景中对其进行了表征和评估：铺有地毯的破损地点、处置/回收袋以及用于零售、运输和收集的盒子。反应性屏障在这三种场景中的每一种都能显著抑制汞向室内空间的释放。纳米硒屏障还具有独特的指示功能，可通过局部反应引起的光学性质变化揭示汞污染的位置。本文还介绍了灯碎片上方汞平衡蒸气压的结果、反应性屏障内反应和传输过程的数学模型，以及纳米硒及其反应产物在垃圾填埋场的稳定性。
