Herner Jorn Dinh, Hu Shaohua, Robertson William H, Huai Tao, Collins John F, Dwyer Harry, Ayala Alberto
California Air Resources Board, 1001 'I" Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Aug 1;43(15):5928-33. doi: 10.1021/es9008294.
Emissions from four heavy-duty and medium-duty diesel vehicles were tested in six different aftertreatment configurations using a chassis dynamometer. The aftertreatment included four different diesel particle filters (DPF) and two prototype selective catalytic reduction (SCR) devices for NO(x) control. The goal of the project was to fully characterize emissions from various in-use vehicles meeting the 2007 particulate matter (PM) standard for the United States and California and to provide a snapshot of emissions from 2010 compliant vehicles. The aftertreatment devices all worked as designed, realizing significant reductions of PM and NO(x). The DPF realized > 95% PM reductions irrespective of cycle and the SCRs > 75% NO(x) reductions during cruise and transient modes, but no NO(x) reductions during idle. Because of the large test matrix of vehicles and aftertreatment devices, we were able to characterize effects on additional emission species (CO, organics, and nucleation mode particles) from these devices as a function of their individual characteristics. The two predicting parameters were found to be exhaust temperature and available catalytic surface in the aftertreatment, which combine to create varying degrees of oxidizing conditions. The aftertreatments were not found to incur a fuel penalty.
使用底盘测功机对四辆重型和中型柴油车在六种不同的后处理配置下的排放进行了测试。后处理包括四种不同的柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）和两种用于控制氮氧化物（NO(x)）的原型选择性催化还原（SCR）装置。该项目的目标是全面表征符合美国和加利福尼亚州2007年颗粒物（PM）标准的各种在用车辆的排放，并提供2010年合规车辆排放的概况。后处理装置均按设计运行，实现了颗粒物和氮氧化物的显著减少。无论工况如何，DPF实现了>95%的颗粒物减少，SCR在巡航和瞬态模式下实现了超过75%的氮氧化物减少，但在怠速时没有氮氧化物减少。由于车辆和后处理装置的测试矩阵很大，我们能够根据这些装置的各自特性来表征它们对其他排放物（一氧化碳、有机物和成核模式颗粒）的影响。发现两个预测参数是排气温度和后处理中的可用催化表面，它们共同产生不同程度的氧化条件。未发现后处理会导致燃油消耗增加。
