Hellou J, Cook A, Lalonde B, Walker P, Dunphy K, MacLeod S
Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2009 Jul 1;44(8):778-90. doi: 10.1080/10934520902928404.
The behavioural response and survival of marine mud snails and mud shrimp exposed to freshwater and the fungicide chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) was investigated. Amphipods were less tolerant of lower salinity than snails, with 50 and 76% survival associated with 5 and 0% seawater in freshwater, respectively. However, 50% of snails displayed a defence mechanism by retracting within their shell when exposed to 70% freshwater. Both species displayed an avoidance to chlorothalonil spiked at >100 ng/g and/or >100 ng/mL in sediments and seawater, respectively. The avoidance response of amphipods was observed along with a reduced swimming ability and increased lipid content. Snails displayed a higher susceptibility to physical stress, with an increased number unable to twist from being on their shell to their foot, and with longer righting time. Behaviour was affected at chlorothalonil concentrations of 0.001-0.01 ng/g and/or ng/mL, with a variability that could be due to degradation by the microbial community. Ascertaining the latter observations requires state-of-the-art chemical analyses.
研究了海洋泥螺和泥虾暴露于淡水及杀菌剂百菌清（四氯间苯二腈）时的行为反应和存活率。与泥螺相比，双壳类动物对低盐度的耐受性较低，在淡水中，分别有50%和76%的存活率与5%和0%的海水相关。然而，当暴露于70%的淡水时，50%的泥螺会通过缩进壳内来表现出防御机制。两种物种分别对沉积物和海水中浓度高于100 ng/g和/或高于100 ng/mL的百菌清表现出回避行为。观察到双壳类动物的回避反应伴随着游泳能力下降和脂质含量增加。泥螺对物理应激的敏感性更高，无法从壳上翻转到足部的数量增加，翻正时间更长。在百菌清浓度为0.001 - 0.01 ng/g和/或ng/mL时行为受到影响，其变异性可能是由于微生物群落的降解作用。确定后一种观察结果需要先进的化学分析方法。
