School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Cognition. 2010 Feb;114(2):129-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.008. Epub 2009 Sep 5.
A huge set of focused attention experiments show that when presented with color words printed in color, observers report the ink color faster if the carrier word is the name of the color rather than the name of an alternative color, the Stroop effect. There is also a large number (although not so numerous as the Stroop task) of so-called "redundant targets studies" that are based on divided attention instructions. These almost always indicate that observers report the presence of a visual target ('redness' in the stimulus) faster if there are two replications of the target (the word RED in red ink color) than if only one is present (RED in green or GREEN in red). The present set of four experiments employs the same stimuli and same participants in both designs. Evidence supports the traditional interference account of the Stroop effect, but also supports a non-interference parallel processing account of the word and the color in the divided attention task. Theorists are challenged to find a unifying model that parsimoniously explains both seemingly contradictory results.
大量集中注意力的实验表明，当呈现用彩色印刷的颜色词时，如果载体词是颜色的名称而不是另一种颜色的名称，观察者会更快地报告墨水颜色，即斯特鲁普效应。也有大量（尽管没有像斯特鲁普任务那样多）所谓的“冗余目标研究”，它们基于分散注意力的指令。这些研究几乎总是表明，如果有两个目标的重复（红色刺激中的单词“红色”），观察者会比只有一个目标（绿色中的 RED 或红色中的 GREEN）更快地报告视觉目标（刺激中的“红色”）的存在。本系列的四个实验在两种设计中都使用了相同的刺激和相同的参与者。证据支持斯特鲁普效应的传统干扰解释，但也支持分散注意力任务中词和颜色的非干扰平行处理解释。理论家们面临着一个挑战，即找到一个简洁的统一模型，同时解释这两个看似矛盾的结果。
