Miller Elise
School of Liberal Arts, Saint Mary's College of California, CA, USA.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2009 Oct;57(5):1097-120. doi: 10.1177/0003065109346964. Epub 2009 Sep 4.
Anyone who seeks publication wants readers, but self-expression, self-assertion, and self-promotion have consequences, especially for those who draw on clinical material and who must honor publication standards of integrity and reliability, as well as ethical codes governing confidentiality, consent, disguise, and collaboration. This paper employs tools of literary analysis, principles of moral philosophy, and psychoanalytic theories about writing to show that writers of fiction and autobiography also struggle with these dilemmas. They worry about their responsibilities to the sources of their stories, and wonder if changing names and dates will prevent friends and family, whose lives get used as material, from feeling embarrassed, betrayed, or exploited. Because they understand that the composing process blurs boundaries between fiction and nonfiction, fantasy and memory, self and other, they recognize that an author's relationship with his or her subject (matter) can disable the capacity to recognize when self-interest has taken over a concern for the welfare of others. More important, literary authors are free to write about writing, and what they render transparent about primitive, unconscious processes suggests that what clinical writing has in common with fiction and autobiography should be included in efforts to update ethical standards and procedures regarding psychoanalytic publication.
任何寻求发表作品的人都希望拥有读者，但自我表达、自我主张和自我推销会带来后果，尤其是对于那些借鉴临床素材且必须遵守诚信和可靠性的发表标准以及关于保密、同意、掩饰和合作的道德规范的人而言。本文运用文学分析工具、道德哲学原理以及关于写作的精神分析理论，以表明小说和自传作者也在与这些困境作斗争。他们担心自己对故事素材来源的责任，并且怀疑更改姓名和日期是否会避免那些生活被用作素材的朋友和家人感到尴尬、被背叛或被利用。因为他们明白创作过程会模糊虚构与非虚构、幻想与记忆、自我与他人之间的界限，所以他们认识到作者与他或她的主题（素材）的关系可能会削弱其在自身利益取代对他人福祉的关心时的识别能力。更重要的是，文学作者可以自由地书写关于写作的内容，而他们所揭示的关于原始无意识过程的内容表明，临床写作与小说和自传的共同之处应纳入更新精神分析出版伦理标准和程序的努力之中。
