Holmes Susan, Padgham Nigel D
Faculty of Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2009 Nov;18(21):2927-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02909.x. Epub 2009 Sep 4.
To provide an overview of tinnitus, current management and its psychosocial impact offering strategies for managing acute and chronic tinnitus in practice.
Tinnitus, characterised by the perception of sound in the absence of external stimuli, is experienced by about 10% of the population at some time in their lives. It may be temporary/longstanding; approximately 5% adults experience severe, persistent tinnitus affecting their lifestyle. Although many adjust successfully, others are disabled by the condition. Though often unrecognised, tinnitus affects many patients regardless of their presenting illness.
A literature review including descriptive, theoretical and empirical material. Databases were searched using the keyword 'tinnitus' providing diverse information which was used to address the research questions.
Tinnitus represents more than 'simple' ringing in the ears and may be accompanied by many distressing changes. It may be acute or chronic. It is difficult to treat, care may be directed towards management rather than cure. Many patients are, however, told that 'nothing can be done'. Relevance to clinical practice. Despite the high prevalence of tinnitus, there is a paucity of relevant nursing literature suggesting that there is an information deficit amongst nurses. The information provided shows that understanding the full impact of the condition and identification of patients' needs are essential to effective care. Strategies to help affected patients are given.
Tinnitus, a widespread, often intractable condition, affects millions of people; there is considerable debate about its causes. Tinnitus is distressing and may be severe enough to affect lifestyle and quality of life. Affected patients need considerable support and advice on healthcare options, encouragement to try different treatments and recognition that help and hope are available. Though patients may have to learn to live with tinnitus, the most important thing is that they recognise that help is available.
概述耳鸣、当前的治疗方法及其心理社会影响，提供在实践中管理急性和慢性耳鸣的策略。
耳鸣的特征是在没有外部刺激的情况下感知到声音，约10%的人在生命中的某个时候会经历耳鸣。它可能是暂时的/长期的；约5%的成年人经历严重、持续的耳鸣，影响他们的生活方式。尽管许多人能成功适应，但其他人会因这种情况而残疾。耳鸣常常未被认识到，它影响许多患者，无论其当前疾病如何。
一项文献综述，包括描述性、理论性和实证性材料。使用关键词“耳鸣”搜索数据库，获取了用于回答研究问题的各种信息。
耳鸣不仅仅是“简单”的耳鸣，可能伴有许多令人痛苦的变化。它可能是急性的或慢性的。难以治疗，护理可能侧重于管理而非治愈。然而，许多患者被告知“无能为力”。与临床实践的相关性。尽管耳鸣患病率很高，但相关护理文献匮乏，这表明护士中存在信息不足的情况。所提供的信息表明，了解该病症的全面影响并识别患者需求对于有效护理至关重要。给出了帮助受影响患者的策略。
耳鸣是一种广泛存在、通常难以治疗的病症，影响着数百万人；关于其病因存在大量争议。耳鸣令人痛苦，可能严重到影响生活方式和生活质量。受影响的患者在医疗选择方面需要大量支持和建议，鼓励他们尝试不同的治疗方法，并认识到有帮助和希望。尽管患者可能不得不学会与耳鸣共处，但最重要的是他们认识到有帮助可用。
