STERIS SA R&D, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2010 May;34(3):231-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00190.x. Epub 2009 Aug 12.
An increasing number of microorganisms, including bacteria but also viruses and eukaryotes, have been described as benefiting from interaction with free-living amoebae (FLA). Beneficial interaction can be due to resistance to predation conferring ecological advantage, intracellular survival and/or intracellular proliferation. This review highlights the potential risk associated with amoebae by listing all known pathogenic microbial species for which growth and/or survival promotion by FLA (mainly Acanthamoeba spp.) has been demonstrated. It focuses on the susceptibility of amoebal and intra-amoebal bacteria to various categories of biocides, the known mechanisms of action of these biocides against trophozoites and cysts and the various methods used to demonstrate efficacy of treatments against FLA. Brief descriptions of FLA ecology and prevalence in domestic/institutional water systems and their intrinsic pathogenicity are also presented. The intention is to provide an informed opinion on the environmental risks associated with the presence of FLA and on the survival of cysts following biocidal treatments, while also highlighting the need to conduct research on the roles of amoebae in aquatic ecosystems.
越来越多的微生物，包括细菌、病毒和真核生物，被描述为通过与自由生活的变形虫（FLA）相互作用而受益。有益的相互作用可能归因于赋予生态优势的抗捕食能力、细胞内存活和/或细胞内增殖。通过列出所有已知的致病性微生物物种，这些微生物物种的生长和/或由 FLA（主要是棘阿米巴属）促进生存已经得到证实，本文重点介绍了变形虫相关的潜在风险。它侧重于变形虫和内变形虫细菌对各种类别的杀生物剂的敏感性、这些杀生物剂对滋养体和胞囊的已知作用机制以及用于证明针对 FLA 的治疗效果的各种方法。还简要介绍了 FLA 在家庭/机构水系统中的生态和流行情况及其内在的致病性。目的是就 FLA 存在相关的环境风险以及杀生物处理后胞囊的存活提供明智的意见，同时还强调需要对变形虫在水生生态系统中的作用进行研究。
