Waters Mark T, Langdale Jane A
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
EMBO J. 2009 Oct 7;28(19):2861-73. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.264. Epub 2009 Sep 10.
Since its endosymbiotic beginning, the chloroplast has become fully integrated into the biology of the host eukaryotic cell. The exchange of genetic information from the chloroplast to the nucleus has resulted in considerable co-ordination in the activities of these two organelles during all stages of plant development. Here, we give an overview of the mechanisms of light perception and the subsequent regulation of nuclear gene expression in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and we cover the main events that take place when proplastids differentiate into chloroplasts. We also consider recent findings regarding signalling networks between the chloroplast and the nucleus during seedling development, and how these signals are modulated by light. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms through which chloroplasts develop in different cell types, namely cotyledons and the dimorphic chloroplasts of the C(4) plant maize. Finally, we discuss recent data that suggest the specific regulation of the light-dependent phases of photosynthesis, providing a means to optimize photosynthesis to varying light regimes.
自其内共生起源以来，叶绿体已完全融入宿主真核细胞的生物学过程。从叶绿体到细胞核的遗传信息交换，使得这两个细胞器在植物发育的各个阶段的活动中实现了相当程度的协调。在此，我们概述了模式植物拟南芥中光感知机制以及随后对核基因表达的调控，并涵盖了前质体分化为叶绿体时发生的主要事件。我们还考虑了关于幼苗发育过程中叶绿体与细胞核之间信号网络的最新发现，以及这些信号如何受光调节。此外，我们讨论了叶绿体在不同细胞类型（即子叶和C4植物玉米的二型叶绿体）中发育的机制。最后，我们讨论了最近的数据，这些数据表明光合作用光依赖阶段的特定调控，为在不同光照条件下优化光合作用提供了一种方法。
