人格的五因素模型与边缘型人格障碍：共病的遗传分析。
The five-factor model of personality and borderline personality disorder: a genetic analysis of comorbidity.
机构信息
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Dec 15;66(12):1131-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.017. Epub 2009 Sep 12.
BACKGROUND
Recently, the nature of personality disorders and their relationship with normal personality traits has received extensive attention. The five-factor model (FFM) of personality, consisting of the personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, is one of the proposed models to conceptualize personality disorders as maladaptive variants of continuously distributed personality traits.
METHODS
The present study examined the phenotypic and genetic association between borderline personality and FFM personality traits. Data were available for 4403 monozygotic twins, 4425 dizygotic twins, and 1661 siblings from 6140 Dutch, Belgian, and Australian families.
RESULTS
Broad-sense heritability estimates for neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness to experience, and borderline personality were 43%, 36%, 43%, 47%, 54%, and 45%, respectively. Phenotypic correlations between borderline personality and the FFM personality traits ranged from .06 for openness to experience to .68 for neuroticism. Multiple regression analyses showed that a combination of high neuroticism and low agreeableness best predicted borderline personality. Multivariate genetic analyses showed the genetic factors that influence individual differences in neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion account for all genetic liability to borderline personality. Unique environmental effects on borderline personality, however, were not completely shared with those for the FFM traits (33% is unique to borderline personality).
CONCLUSIONS
Borderline personality shares all genetic variation with neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion. The unique environmental influences specific to borderline personality may cause individuals with a specific pattern of personality traits to cross a threshold and develop borderline personality.
背景
最近，人格障碍的本质及其与正常人格特质的关系受到了广泛关注。五因素人格模型（FFM）由神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性和尽责性五个人格特质组成，是将人格障碍概念化为连续分布人格特质的适应不良变体的提出模型之一。
方法
本研究考察了边缘型人格与 FFM 人格特质的表型和遗传关联。数据来自 6140 个荷兰、比利时和澳大利亚家庭的 4403 对同卵双胞胎、4425 对异卵双胞胎和 1661 对兄弟姐妹。
结果
神经质、宜人性、尽责性、外向性、开放性和边缘型人格的广义遗传率估计值分别为 43%、36%、43%、47%、54%和 45%。边缘型人格与 FFM 人格特质之间的表型相关范围从开放性的 0.06 到神经质的 0.68。多元回归分析表明，高神经质和低宜人性的组合最能预测边缘型人格。多变量遗传分析表明，影响神经质、宜人性、尽责性和外向性个体差异的遗传因素解释了边缘型人格的所有遗传倾向。然而，边缘型人格的独特环境影响与 FFM 特质的独特环境影响并不完全相同（33%是边缘型人格特有的）。
结论
边缘型人格与神经质、宜人性、尽责性和外向性共享所有遗传变异。特定于边缘型人格的独特环境影响可能导致具有特定人格特质模式的个体跨越一个阈值并发展出边缘型人格。
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