University of Osnabrueck, Department of Human Sciences, Institute of Nursing Science, Albrechtstr. 28, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2010 Feb;14(1):11-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Sep 11.
The primary surgical therapy for breast cancer represents a special phase in the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to find out the specific strains influencing the women affected during this time, and the needs and expectations they had of the nurses.
In a semistructured interview, 42 women at an early stage of breast cancer were asked about their strains and care needs.
The results show that the women interviewed suffer more from psychological strains than physical ones, and express the wish for, above all, emotional support. Analysis of the interviews provides 4 categories of strains: immediate strains regarding the surgery, fear through uncertainty, change of self-perception and the strains caused by the social environment. Care needs can be divided into 3 main areas: wishes for (a) the relationship to the nurses, (b) professional competence and (c) the external conditions of care.
Nurses can support the women well by listening to them, accepting their emotions and informing them in detail. Therewith, they can convey a sense of security to the women and help them to maintain hope and the ability to deal with reality.
乳腺癌的主要外科治疗代表了疾病过程中的一个特殊阶段。本研究的目的是找出在此期间影响受影响女性的具体压力源，以及她们对护士的需求和期望。
在半结构化访谈中，询问了 42 名处于乳腺癌早期的女性她们的压力源和护理需求。
结果表明，接受采访的女性承受的心理压力大于生理压力，并表示希望得到更多的情感支持。访谈分析提供了 4 类压力源：手术相关的即时压力、不确定性引起的恐惧、自我认知的改变以及社会环境造成的压力。护理需求可分为 3 个主要领域：（a）与护士的关系、（b）专业能力和（c）护理的外部条件。
护士可以通过倾听、接受她们的情绪并详细告知，很好地支持女性。这样，护士可以向女性传达一种安全感，帮助她们保持希望和应对现实的能力。
