Victor Victor M, Rocha Milagros, Solá Eva, Bañuls Celia, Garcia-Malpartida Katherine, Hernández-Mijares Antonio
Hospital Universitary Doctor Peset, Service of Endocrinology, 46017, Valencia, Spain.
Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(26):2988-3002. doi: 10.2174/138161209789058093.
This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that can arise as a result. Atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein oxidation in the vascular wall. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic conditions forms an integral part of the development of CVD, and in particular atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, occurs early on in the development of atherosclerosis, and determines future vascular complications. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria-mediated disease processes are not clear, oxidative stress seems to play an important role. In general, ROS are essential to the functions of cells, but adequate levels of antioxidant defenses are required in order to avoid the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. In this review, we will provide a summary of the cellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its role in pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis; and currently available antioxidants and possible reasons for their efficacy and inefficacy in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
本综述聚焦于氧化过程在动脉粥样硬化及由此引发的心血管疾病（CVD）中的作用。动脉粥样硬化表现为一种氧化应激增强的状态，其特征为血管壁中的脂质和蛋白质氧化。在病理生理条件下活性氧（ROS）的过量产生是心血管疾病尤其是动脉粥样硬化发展过程中不可或缺的一部分。内皮功能障碍以一氧化氮（NO）生物活性丧失为特征，在动脉粥样硬化发展早期就会出现，并决定未来的血管并发症。尽管线粒体介导的疾病过程的分子机制尚不清楚，但氧化应激似乎起着重要作用。一般来说，ROS对细胞功能至关重要，但需要足够水平的抗氧化防御以避免过量ROS产生的有害影响。在本综述中，我们将总结活性氧（ROS）的细胞代谢及其在动脉粥样硬化等病理生理过程中的作用；以及目前可用的抗氧化剂及其在改善氧化应激介导疾病中有效和无效的可能原因。
