Jankowski J, Juskiewicz J, Gulewicz K, Lecewicz A, Slominski B A, Zdunczyk Z
Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Poult Sci. 2009 Oct;88(10):2132-40. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00066.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diets containing soybean meal (SBM), soybean protein concentrate (SPC), and soybean protein isolate (SPI) on growth performance and gut function of the young turkey. A total of 812 one-day-old male turkey poults were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments, with 7 pens per treatment and 29 birds per pen. The 4 experimental diets contained SBM, SBM-SPC, SPC, and SPI and were fed throughout the two 4-wk experimental periods. In each period, the diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric and contained similar amounts of total and water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharides. The content of oligosaccharides differed among the diets and averaged 2.4, 1.9, 0.9, and 0.1% for SBM, SBM-SPC, SPC, and SPI, respectively. When compared with SBM, birds consuming the SBM-SPC and SPC diets had higher (P<0.05) final BW (4.32 vs. 4.45 and 4.46 kg, respectively). Incorporation of SPI as a substitute for SBM resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed utilization (from 1.76 to 1.67) but did not affect the final BW. Significant changes in cecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were observed and averaged 130, 103, and 89 micromol/g of digesta for the SBM, SBM-SPC, and SPC diets, respectively. This coincided with the proportional decrease in dietary oligosaccharide content (from 2.4 to 0.9%) and was further substantiated by a significant decrease in ileum weights. Feeding the SPI diet resulted in the lowest ileal and cecal tissue weights as well as the lowest cecal short-chain fatty acids concentration. There was no effect of diet on digesta pH, viscosity, and mucosal sucrase and maltase activities. Bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity was decreased (P=0.08) in the cecum (from 0.98 to 0.60 U/g) with decreased dietary oligosaccharide content. In conclusion, partial or almost complete substitution of SBM with SPC suppressed the fermentation processes in the ceca but enhanced the growth rate. Substitution of SBM with SPI significantly improved feed utilization but decreased BW of 4-wk-old turkeys with no effect on growth rate of older 8-wk-old birds.
进行了一项实验，以研究含有豆粕（SBM）、大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）和大豆分离蛋白（SPI）的日粮对幼火鸡生长性能和肠道功能的影响。总共812只1日龄雄性火鸡雏随机分配到4种日粮处理组，每组7个栏，每栏29只鸡。4种实验日粮分别含有SBM、SBM - SPC、SPC和SPI，并在两个4周的实验期内全程投喂。在每个时期，日粮的粗蛋白含量和能量相等，且总非淀粉多糖和水溶性非淀粉多糖含量相似。日粮中低聚糖含量不同，SBM、SBM - SPC、SPC和SPI日粮中的低聚糖含量分别平均为2.4%、1.9%、0.9%和0.1%。与SBM日粮相比，采食SBM - SPC和SPC日粮的鸡最终体重更高（P<0.05）（分别为4.32千克、4.45千克和4.46千克）。用SPI替代SBM提高了（P<0.05）饲料利用率（从1.76提高到1.67），但对最终体重没有影响。盲肠中短链脂肪酸浓度有显著变化，SBM、SBM - SPC和SPC日粮的盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度分别平均为130、103和89微摩尔/克食糜。这与日粮中低聚糖含量的成比例下降（从2.4%降至0.9%）相一致，回肠重量的显著下降进一步证实了这一点。饲喂SPI日粮导致回肠和盲肠组织重量最低，以及盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度最低。日粮对食糜pH值、粘度以及粘膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性没有影响。随着日粮中低聚糖含量的降低，盲肠中细菌β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性降低（P = 0.08）（从0.98降至0.60 U/g）。总之，用SPC部分或几乎完全替代SBM可抑制盲肠中的发酵过程，但提高了生长速度。用SPI替代SBM显著提高了饲料利用率，但降低了4周龄火鸡的体重，对8周龄大龄火鸡的生长速度没有影响。
