Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2010 Oct;94(5):561-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00939.x.
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the physiological and growth response of young turkeys (up to 8 weeks of age) to dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by soy protein concentrate (PC) or protein isolate (PI). This replacement resulted in a differentiated dietary concentration of α-galactosides of over 2.5% in the SBM diet, approximately 2% with a mixture SBM and PC, 1% with a PC diet and 0.1% with a PI diet. Each treatment was applied in two ways: with lower (3.5%) or higher (5.3%) dietary crude fibre content, made by supplementation with soybean hulls. The highest and lowest body weight of turkeys was recorded both after the first and second 4-week half of the study in the PC and PI-type diets respectively. A gradual withdrawal of α-galactosides from a diet was accompanied by a decline in ileal tissue mass, ileal viscosity and activity of endogenous maltase (the latter was found to be significant at 4 weeks of age). At the same time, two-way anova revealed that an elevated level of crude fibre (HF treatment) caused an increase in ileal tissue mass (p < 0.05 after 4 weeks of feeding) as well as a decrease in activity level of intestinal sucrase and maltase. The presence of raffinose family oligosaccharides in a diet, in contrast to dietary crude fibre level, significantly affected the caecal metabolism. The rate of bacterial production of short-chain fatty acids in the caeca was distinctly diminished by dietary withdrawal of α-galactosides. In conclusion, the soy protein concentrate, in contrast to the protein isolate preparation, exerted positive effects on the turkeys' growth and gastrointestinal tract physiology and should be considered as an effective SBM substitute.
本实验旨在研究饲粮中用大豆浓缩蛋白（PC）或蛋白分离物（PI）替代大豆粕（SBM）对 8 周龄以下肉仔鸡的生理和生长反应。这种替代导致 SBM 饲粮中的 α-半乳糖苷浓度超过 2.5%，SBM 和 PC 混合物饲粮中约为 2%，PC 饲粮中为 1%，PI 饲粮中为 0.1%。每种处理以两种方式应用：用低（3.5%）或高（5.3%）粗蛋白纤维含量的大豆皮补充料。在 PC 和 PI 型饲粮中，肉仔鸡的最高和最低体重分别出现在研究的前 4 周和后 4 周的一半。饲粮中 α-半乳糖苷的逐渐撤出伴随着回肠组织质量、回肠粘度和内源性麦芽糖酶活性的下降（在 4 周龄时发现显著）。同时，双向方差分析表明，粗蛋白纤维水平的升高（HF 处理）导致回肠组织质量增加（在 4 周喂养后 p<0.05），以及肠蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性水平下降。饲粮中低聚半乳糖的存在与粗蛋白纤维水平相反，显著影响盲肠代谢。饲粮中 α-半乳糖苷的撤出明显降低了盲肠中短链脂肪酸的细菌产量。总之，与蛋白分离物相比，大豆浓缩蛋白对肉仔鸡的生长和胃肠道生理具有积极影响，应被视为一种有效的 SBM 替代品。
