Pfennig Karin S, Pfennig David W
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA.
Q Rev Biol. 2009 Sep;84(3):253-76. doi: 10.1086/605079.
Character displacement is the process by which traits evolve in response to selection to lessen resource competition or reproductive interactions between species. Although character displacement has long been viewed as an important mechanism for enabling closely related species to coexist, the causes and consequences of character displacement have not been fully explored. Moreover, character displacement in traits associated with resource use (ecological character displacement) has been largely studied independently of that in traits associated with reproduction (reproductive character displacement). In this review, we underscore the commonalities of these two forms of character displacement and discuss how they interact. We focus on the causes of character displacement and explore how character displacement can have downstream effects ranging from speciation to extinction. In short, understanding how organisms respond to competitive and reproductive interactions with heterospecifics offers key insights into the evolutionary causes and consequences of species coexistence and diversification.
特征取代是指性状为响应选择而进化，以减少物种间资源竞争或生殖相互作用的过程。尽管长期以来特征取代一直被视为密切相关物种能够共存的重要机制，但特征取代的原因和后果尚未得到充分探究。此外，与资源利用相关的性状的特征取代（生态特征取代）在很大程度上是独立于与繁殖相关的性状的特征取代（生殖特征取代）进行研究的。在本综述中，我们强调这两种特征取代形式的共性，并讨论它们如何相互作用。我们关注特征取代的原因，并探讨特征取代如何产生从物种形成到灭绝的下游效应。简而言之，了解生物体如何应对与异种的竞争和生殖相互作用，为深入了解物种共存和多样化的进化原因及后果提供了关键见解。
