United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan,
Department of Wildlife Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
Zoolog Sci. 2019 Oct;36(5):410-416. doi: 10.2108/zs190037.
Character displacement is phenotypic divergence driven by competition (ecological character displacement) or reproductive interference (reproductive character displacement). Although previous studies have examined these phenomena separately, recent evidence suggests that reproductive interference can drive both reproductive and ecological character displacement, in that certain traits are related to both competition and reproduction. Thus, to evaluate the effect of competition, the effect of reproductive interference must be excluded. Here, we analysed ecological character displacement between non-congeneric frogs, which show little reproductive interference. inhabits the Amami and Tokunoshima Islands, Japan, whereas its non-congeneric competitor inhabits the Amami Island. We tested three of the Schluter (2000) criteria for ecological character displacement: phenotypic changes in between the two islands, phenotypic change related to prey preference, prey availability between the two islands. We demonstrated that the three criteria in Schluter (2000) were likely to be satisfied, indicating the occurrence of ecological character displacement in non-congeners without reproductive interference. Thus, we conclude that competition is potentially the main driver of this phenotypic divergence, and that non-congeners may be a suitable model for evaluating ecological character displacement in a variety of organisms, as the influence of reproductive interference can be excluded.
性状替换是由竞争（生态性状替换）或生殖干扰（生殖性状替换）驱动的表型分歧。尽管先前的研究已经分别研究了这些现象，但最近的证据表明，生殖干扰既可以驱动生殖性状替换，也可以驱动生态性状替换，因为某些特征与竞争和生殖都有关系。因此，要评估竞争的影响，必须排除生殖干扰的影响。在这里，我们分析了非同源青蛙之间的生态性状替换，它们之间几乎没有生殖干扰。 生活在日本的奄美和德之岛，而它的非同源竞争者 生活在奄美岛。我们测试了 Schluter（2000）的三个生态性状替换标准：两个岛屿之间的表型变化、与猎物偏好相关的表型变化、两个岛屿之间的猎物可用性。我们证明，Schluter（2000）中的三个标准很可能得到满足，表明在没有生殖干扰的非同源物中发生了生态性状替换。因此，我们得出结论，竞争可能是这种表型分歧的主要驱动因素，非同源物可能是评估各种生物中生态性状替换的合适模型，因为可以排除生殖干扰的影响。
