Nalubamba K S, Mudenda N B, Malamo M R
Department of Clinical Studies, University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
J Helminthol. 2012 Dec;86(4):418-25. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X11000617. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
Faecal samples (n = 1947) from captive wild impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus) were examined over a period of 14 months to determine quantitative seasonal helminth egg excretion patterns and qualitative protozoan oocyst excretion patterns. Geometric mean monthly faecal egg counts (FECs) ranged from 20 to 575 and coprocultures revealed three parasite genera, namely Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus and Strongyloides. Larvae of the Trichostrongylus spp. were most predominant from faecal cultures. No trematode eggs or lungworms were detected and eggs of the cestode Monezia were only seen in two samples during the entire study period. The nematode FECs showed a marked seasonal variation, being higher during the rainy season, moderate during the cool dry season and low during the hot dry season. The rainy season had significantly higher FECs than the dry season (P < 0.01). The percentage of helminth-egg positive faecal samples ranged from 90.6 to 100% in the rainy season and 72.4 to 85.6% in the dry season. Overall mean FECs in unpelleted faeces were significantly higher than in pelleted faeces (P < 0.01). However, the FECs were not significantly different among seasons in unpelleted faeces (P>0.05), but were significantly higher in pelleted faeces in the rainy season than the dry season (P < 0.05). Pellet size had a significant effect on FEC, with smaller pellets having higher FEC (P < 0.05). Strongyloides eggs and coccidia oocysts were only seen during the rainy season. This represents the first documentation of seasonal parasitic infestation in captive wild antelopes in Zambia. Treatment and control strategies for helminths in these captive wild impala are also suggested based on the findings from this study.
在14个月的时间里，对圈养野生黑斑羚（Aepyceros melampus melampus）的1947份粪便样本进行了检查，以确定蠕虫虫卵排泄量的季节性定量模式和原生动物卵囊排泄的定性模式。每月粪便虫卵计数（FEC）的几何平均值在20至575之间，粪便培养显示有三个寄生虫属，即毛圆线虫属、血矛线虫属和类圆线虫属。粪便培养中毛圆线虫属幼虫最为常见。未检测到吸虫卵或肺线虫，在整个研究期间，仅在两份样本中发现了莫尼茨绦虫的虫卵。线虫的FEC显示出明显的季节性变化，雨季较高，凉爽干燥季节适中，炎热干燥季节较低。雨季的FEC显著高于旱季（P < 0.01）。蠕虫虫卵阳性粪便样本的百分比在雨季为90.6%至100%，旱季为72.4%至85.6%。未制成颗粒的粪便总体平均FEC显著高于制成颗粒的粪便（P < 0.01）。然而，未制成颗粒的粪便中FEC在各季节之间无显著差异（P>0.05），但制成颗粒的粪便在雨季的FEC显著高于旱季（P < 0.05）。颗粒大小对FEC有显著影响，颗粒越小FEC越高（P < 0.05）。仅在雨季发现了类圆线虫卵和球虫病卵囊。这是赞比亚圈养野生羚羊季节性寄生虫感染的首次记录。基于本研究的结果，还提出了这些圈养野生黑斑羚蠕虫的治疗和控制策略。
