Chennaoui Mounir, Desgorces François, Drogou Catherine, Boudjemaa Bechir, Tomaszewski Armand, Depiesse Frédéric, Burnat Pascal, Chalabi Hakim, Gomez-Merino Danielle
Department of Physiology, IMASSA, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Aug;34(4):587-94. doi: 10.1139/H09-014.
The Ramadan fasting (RF) period is associated with changes in sleep habits and increased sleepiness, which may affect physical performance in athletes, and may induce metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory disturbances. In 8 middle-distance athletes (25.0 +/- 1.3 years), a maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) test was performed 5 days before RF (day -5), and on days 7 and 21 of RF. The same days, saliva samples were collected to determine cortisol and testosterone concentrations before and after the MAV test. Blood samples were collected before RF (P1), at the end of RF (P2), and 1 week post RF (P3). Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, a mediator of sleepiness and energy availability, were determined. We also evaluated changes in metabolic and hormonal parameters, mood state, and nutritional and sleep profiles. During RF, mean body mass and body fat did not statistically change. Compared with day -5, MAV values decreased at days 7 and 21 (p < 0.05, respectively), while testosterone/cortisol ratio values did not change significantly. Nocturnal sleep time and energy intake were lower at day 21 than before RF (day 0/P1) (p < 0.05). At the end of RF (day 31), the fatigue score on the Profile of Mood States questionnaire was increased (p < 0.001). For P2 vs. P1, IL-6 was increased (1.19 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.13 pg.mL-1; p < 0.05), melatonin levels were decreased (p < 0.05), and adrenalin and noradrenalin were increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). At 7 days post RF, all parameters recovered to pre-RF values. In conclusion, RF is accompanied by significant metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory changes. Sleep disturbances, energy deficiency, and fatigue during RF may decrease physical performance in Muslim athletes who maintain training. Reduction of work load and (or) daytime napping may represent adequate strategies to counteract RF effects for Muslim athletes.
斋月禁食期与睡眠习惯的改变和嗜睡增加有关，这可能会影响运动员的身体表现，并可能引发代谢、激素和炎症紊乱。对8名中长跑运动员（25.0±1.3岁）在斋月禁食期前5天（第-5天）以及斋月禁食期的第7天和第21天进行了最大有氧速度（MAV）测试。在相同日期，采集唾液样本以测定MAV测试前后的皮质醇和睾酮浓度。在斋月禁食期前（P1）、斋月禁食期结束时（P2）以及斋月禁食期后1周（P3）采集血样。测定了作为嗜睡和能量供应介质的白细胞介素（IL）-6的血浆水平。我们还评估了代谢和激素参数、情绪状态以及营养和睡眠状况的变化。在斋月禁食期期间，平均体重和体脂没有统计学上的变化。与第-5天相比，MAV值在第7天和第21天下降（分别为p<0.05），而睾酮/皮质醇比值没有显著变化。第21天的夜间睡眠时间和能量摄入量低于斋月禁食期前（第0天/P1）（p<0.05）。在斋月禁食期结束时（第31天），情绪状态问卷上的疲劳评分增加（p<0.001）。对于P2与P1相比，IL-6升高（1.19±0.25对0.51±0.13 pg.mL-1；p<0.05），褪黑素水平降低（p<0.05），肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素升高（分别为p<与0.01和p<0.001）。在斋月禁食期后7天，所有参数恢复到斋月禁食期前的值。总之，斋月禁食期伴随着显著的代谢、激素和炎症变化。斋月禁食期期间的睡眠障碍、能量缺乏和疲劳可能会降低坚持训练的穆斯林运动员的身体表现。减少工作量和（或）白天小睡可能是应对斋月禁食期对穆斯林运动员影响的适当策略。
