Glick Ira D, Kamm Ronald, Morse Eric
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Sports Med. 2009;39(8):607-13. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939080-00001.
Over the past three decades, the world of both amateur and professional sports has expanded greatly and become more complex. In part related to these changes - and relatively unknown to sports medicine practitioners - the field of sport psychiatry has steadily evolved and grown. This paper focuses on what these changes have been. A sport psychiatrist is a physician-psychiatrist who diagnoses and treats problems, symptoms and/or disorders associated with an athlete, with their family/significant others, with their team, or with their sport, including spectators/fans. The primary aims of the specialty are to (i) optimize health, (ii) improve athletic performance, and (iii) manage psychiatric symptoms or disorders. The training includes medical training to provide knowledge and skills unique to physicians; psychiatric training to provide knowledge and skills inherent in that field, and training and/or experience in sport psychiatry to provide knowledge and skills about psychiatric aspects of sports. The sport psychiatrist first makes an individual, family-systems and phenomenological diagnosis of the clinical situation. Based on this evaluation, he sets goals for not only the athlete, but also for significant others involved. He delivers treatment based on the psychiatric disorder or problem using a combination of medication, psychotherapy or self-help group interventions plus strategies targeted to specific sport performance issues. Evolution of the International Society of Sport Psychiatry as well as the field, including incorporation into school and professional team sports, is described along with a 'typical day' for a sport psychiatrist. Case examples, a training curriculum and core literature are included.
在过去三十年里，业余和职业体育领域都有了极大的扩展且变得更加复杂。部分与这些变化相关——且体育医学从业者相对不太了解——运动精神病学领域稳步发展壮大。本文聚焦于这些变化具体有哪些。运动精神科医生是诊断和治疗与运动员、其家人/重要他人、其团队或其运动项目（包括观众/球迷）相关的问题、症状和/或障碍的内科精神科医生。该专业的主要目标是：（i）优化健康状况，（ii）提高运动成绩，以及（iii）管理精神症状或障碍。培训包括医学培训以提供医生特有的知识和技能；精神科培训以提供该领域固有的知识和技能，以及运动精神病学方面的培训和/或经验以提供关于运动精神方面的知识和技能。运动精神科医生首先对临床情况进行个体、家庭系统和现象学诊断。基于这一评估，他不仅为运动员，也为相关的重要他人设定目标。他根据精神障碍或问题，结合药物治疗、心理治疗或自助小组干预以及针对特定运动表现问题的策略来提供治疗。文中描述了国际运动精神病学协会以及该领域的发展历程，包括融入学校和职业运动队的情况，还介绍了运动精神科医生“典型的一天 ”。文中还包含了案例、培训课程和核心文献。
