Arnedo-Pena Alberto, Puig-Barberà Joan, Bellido-Blasco Juan-Bautista, Pac-Sa Maria Rosario, Campos-Cruañes Joan-Batiste, Artero-Sivera Adrián, Museros-Recatalá Lidón
Sección de Epidemiología, Centro Salud Pública, Castellón, Spain.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2009 May-Jun;37(3):135-42. doi: 10.1016/S0301-0546(09)71725-2. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
Research on potential risk factors of asthma can enhance our understanding of geographic differences and inform decisions on preventive strategies.
In 2002, a cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in the area of Castellon (Spain), following the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III methodology. Asthma symptoms and related risk factor questionnaires were completed by parents of 6-7 year-old schoolchildren. Logistic regression was used in the analysis.
Participation rate was 88 % (4492 of 4872 schoolchildren). Prevalence of wheeze in the past year, asthma ever, and physician-diagnosed asthma were 8 %, 7 % and 6 %, respectively. Risk factors independently associated with all three asthma case definitions were history of bronchitis or pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, family members with atopic disease, and residing in an industrialised area. Risk factors for asthma ever and physician-diagnosed asthma were male sex, atopic eczema and presence of a dog at home; exclusive breast-feeding and the presence of another animal (not a dog or cat) were protective factors. Maternal age was inversely related to physician-diagnosed asthma. Residence in an area of heavy truck traffic and the father smoking at home were associated with asthma ever. Risk factors for wheeze in the past year were low social class, history of sinusitis and the father smoking at home.
Environmental factors are related to the presence of asthma. Preventive measures should be directed to improving air pollution, promoting breast-feeding and reducing smoking in the home.
对哮喘潜在危险因素的研究有助于加深我们对地域差异的理解，并为预防策略的决策提供依据。
2002年，按照儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）第三阶段的方法，在西班牙卡斯特利翁地区开展了一项基于人群的横断面研究。6-7岁学童的家长完成了哮喘症状及相关危险因素问卷。分析采用逻辑回归。
参与率为88%（4872名学童中的4492名）。过去一年喘息的患病率、曾患哮喘的患病率以及医生诊断的哮喘患病率分别为8%、7%和6%。与所有三种哮喘病例定义均独立相关的危险因素包括支气管炎或肺炎病史、过敏性鼻炎、有特应性疾病的家庭成员以及居住在工业化地区。曾患哮喘和医生诊断哮喘的危险因素包括男性、特应性湿疹和家中养狗；纯母乳喂养以及家中有其他动物（非狗或猫）为保护因素。母亲年龄与医生诊断的哮喘呈负相关。居住在重型卡车交通繁忙的地区以及父亲在家吸烟与曾患哮喘有关。过去一年喘息的危险因素包括社会阶层低、鼻窦炎病史以及父亲在家吸烟。
环境因素与哮喘的发生有关。预防措施应致力于改善空气污染、促进母乳喂养以及减少家庭吸烟。
