Milligan Gary, McGuinness Teena M
University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2009 Sep;47(9):23-30. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20090731-01.
Maintenance of a daily routine, which includes scheduled medications, access to a health care provider, and a stable environment, forms an anchor point in the lives of people diagnosed with mental illness. When a disaster, either man made or natural, interferes with these, patients often experience an acute exacerbation of their illness. Efforts to mitigate the ensuing disruption require a contingency plan in the event of a disaster; a plan ensuring access to medications, health information, and caregiver stability, allows those with mental illness to continue to function at an acceptable level. Recent world events, such as the Asian Tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, indicate that minimal research exists regarding the magnitude of the effects of disasters on those with mental illness. A review of the literature indicates that the impact on survivors' mental well-being is directly related to the level of exposure to a disaster. Mental health professionals must include crisis management, planning, and communication in pre- and post-disaster interventions with people who have mental illness.
维持日常安排，包括按时服药、能看医疗保健人员以及拥有稳定的环境，是确诊患有精神疾病者生活中的一个支撑点。当人为或自然灾害干扰到这些时，患者的病情往往会急性加重。减轻随之而来的混乱局面需要在灾难发生时制定应急计划；一个确保能获取药物、健康信息以及照料者稳定的计划，能让患有精神疾病的人继续在可接受的水平上生活。近期的一些全球性事件，比如2004年的亚洲海啸和2005年的卡特里娜飓风，表明关于灾难对精神疾病患者影响程度的研究极少。文献综述表明，对幸存者心理健康的影响与接触灾难的程度直接相关。心理健康专业人员必须在针对患有精神疾病者的灾难前后干预中纳入危机管理、规划和沟通。
