National Center for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Trauma Stress. 2009 Dec;22(6):497-504. doi: 10.1002/jts.20467.
Fourteen months after the 2004 tsunami, mental health outcome was assessed in 187 bereaved relatives, 308 bereaved friends, and in 3,020 nonbereaved Swedish survivors. Of the bereaved relatives, 41% reported posttraumatic stress reactions and 62% reported impaired general mental health. Having been caught or chased by the tsunami in combination with bereavement was associated with increased posttraumatic stress reactions. Complicated grief reactions among relatives were almost as frequent as posttraumatic stress reactions. The highest levels of psychological distress were found among those who had lost children. Traumatic bereavement, in combination with exposure to life danger, is probably a risk factor for mental health sequelae after a natural disaster.
2004 年海啸发生 14 个月后，对 187 名失去亲人的亲属、308 名失去朋友的亲属和 3020 名未失去亲人的瑞典幸存者进行了心理健康评估。在失去亲人的亲属中，41%报告有创伤后应激反应，62%报告有一般心理健康受损。被海啸抓住或追赶，同时又失去亲人，与创伤后应激反应增加有关。亲属中复杂的悲伤反应几乎与创伤后应激反应一样常见。心理困扰程度最高的是失去孩子的人。创伤性丧亲，加上面临生命危险，可能是自然灾害后心理健康后遗症的一个风险因素。
