Behavioral Pharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02472, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jan 15;106(2-3):79-91. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.022. Epub 2009 Sep 22.
Insomnia afflicts many individuals, but particularly those in chronic methadone treatment. Studies examining sleep deprivation (SD) have begun to identify sleep restoration processes involving brain bioenergetics. The technique ([31])P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can measure brain changes in the high-energy phosphates: alpha-, beta-, and gamma-nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). In the present study, 21 methadone-maintained (MM) and 16 control participants underwent baseline (BL), SD (40 wakeful hours), recovery1 (RE1), and recovery2 (RE2) study nights. Polysomnographic sleep was recorded each night and ([31])P MRS brain scanning conducted each morning using a 4T MR scanner (dual-tuned proton/phosphorus head-coil). Interestingly, increases in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency index (SEI) commonly associated with RE sleep were not apparent in MM participants. Analysis of methadone treatment duration revealed that the lack of RE sleep increases in TST and SEI was primarily exhibited by short-term MM participants (methadone <12 months), while RE sleep in long-term MM (methadone >12 months) participants was more comparable to control participants. Slow wave sleep increased during RE1, but there was no difference between MM and control participants. Spectral power analysis revealed that compared to control participants; MM participants had greater delta, theta, and alpha spectral power during BL and RE sleep. ([31])P MRS revealed that elevations in brain beta-NTP (a direct measure of ATP) following RE sleep were greater in MM compared to control participants. Results suggest that differences in sleep and brain chemistry during RE in MM participants may be reflective of a disruption in homeostatic sleep function.
失眠困扰着许多人，但尤其困扰那些接受慢性美沙酮治疗的人。研究睡眠剥夺（SD）的研究已经开始确定涉及大脑生物能量学的睡眠恢复过程。技术([31])P 磁共振波谱（MRS）可以测量高能磷酸盐中的大脑变化：α-、β-和γ-核苷三磷酸（NTP）。在本研究中，21 名美沙酮维持（MM）和 16 名对照参与者接受了基线（BL）、SD（40 个清醒小时）、恢复 1（RE1）和恢复 2（RE2）研究夜。每晚记录多导睡眠图睡眠，并在每个早晨使用 4T MR 扫描仪（双调谐质子/磷头部线圈）进行([31])P MRS 脑扫描。有趣的是，与 RE 睡眠相关的总睡眠时间（TST）和睡眠效率指数（SEI）的增加在 MM 参与者中并不明显。对美沙酮治疗持续时间的分析表明，缺乏 RE 睡眠增加 TST 和 SEI 主要表现为短期 MM 参与者（美沙酮<12 个月），而长期 MM（美沙酮>12 个月）参与者的 RE 睡眠更类似于对照组参与者。慢波睡眠在 RE1 期间增加，但 MM 和对照组参与者之间没有差异。光谱功率分析显示，与对照组参与者相比；MM 参与者在 BL 和 RE 睡眠期间具有更大的 delta、theta 和 alpha 光谱功率。([31])P MRS 显示，与对照组参与者相比，RE 睡眠后大脑β-NTP（ATP 的直接测量）升高幅度更大。结果表明，MM 参与者在 RE 期间睡眠和大脑化学的差异可能反映了自主睡眠功能的破坏。
