Bajracharya S, Pandey S, Shakya Y L
Department of Pharmacology, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, KTM.
Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2004 Jan-Mar;2(1):35-42.
To ascertain the disease pattern and drug prescribing pattern of the patients attending Kathmandu Medical College Health Center, Duwakot.
It is a cross sectional study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) health Center, Duwakot during the month of Ashad to Mangshir, 2060. The sample size included was 292 patients attending the Health Center during this period. Prescription details were used as study tools to acquire information regarding patient's name, age, complaints for which consultation was sought, investigations, diagnosis, name of the drug which is prescribed and instruction for diet.
Age of patients in this study ranged from 0-80 years. A total of 165 (56.50%) were male and 127 (43.49%) were female. Out of 165 male of different age group ranging from 0-80 years, most of the patient i.e. 25(15.15%) were suffering from viral fever followed by cut/injury, allergy, diarrhoea, abdomen pain, fungal infection, HTN (hypertension), cold/cough/sore throat, sinusitis, muscular skeletal pain, joint pain, contact dermatitis, acute peptic disease (APD), headache, worm infestation, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, dizziness, eye infection, chest infection, calf and backache, viral rashes, hypo pigmentation, tension/depression, Urinary tract infection (UTI), coliolilethis, diabetes, p/r bleeding and insect bite poisoning. Out of 127 female of different age group ranging from 0-80 years 21 (16.54%) patients were suffering from viral fever, followed by backache, cold/cough/sore throat, allergy, weakness, acne, diarrhoea, sinusitis, flue, pneumonia, headache, acid peptic disease, dysmenorrhoea, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, muscular skeletal pain, joint pain, eye infection, Urinary Tract Infection, hypertension, abdomen pain, tonsillitis, tinea corporis, rhinitis, ear problems, insect bite poisoning, CSOM, trichiasis, uteric colic, otitis media, entropion and epiphora, worm infestation and pharyngitis. All together 384 drugs (23 category) were distributed to the different patient of different age group ranging from 0-80 years, to cure the different types of diseases. Among the different categories of drugs prescribed antipyretic (31.8%), antibiotics (17.2%) and (Non steroid Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (11.2%) were the most common.
The assessment of the existing prescribing practices in a health facility helps to identify the specific drug use problems, which need to be understood before any meaningful intervention can take place. A prescription provides an insight into a prescriber's attitude to the disease being treated and the nature of health care delivery system in the community. The average number of drugs per prescription is an important index of a prescription audit. It is preferable to keep the number of drugs per prescription as low as possible to minimize the risk of drug interactions, development of bacterial resistance and hospital costs.
确定杜瓦科特加德满都医学院健康中心就诊患者的疾病模式和用药模式。
这是一项横断面研究，于2060年阿沙德月至芒什尔月在杜瓦科特加德满都医学院（KMC）健康中心进行。纳入的样本量为在此期间到健康中心就诊的292名患者。处方详情用作研究工具，以获取有关患者姓名、年龄、就诊主诉、检查、诊断、所开药物名称及饮食指导的信息。
本研究中患者年龄在0至80岁之间。共有165名（56.50%）男性和127名（43.49%）女性。在年龄从0至80岁的165名不同年龄组男性中，大多数患者即25名（15.15%）患有病毒性发热，其次是割伤/受伤、过敏、腹泻、腹痛、真菌感染、高血压（HTN）、感冒/咳嗽/喉咙痛、鼻窦炎、肌肉骨骼疼痛、关节疼痛、接触性皮炎、急性消化性疾病（APD）、头痛、蠕虫感染、扁桃体炎、咽炎、头晕、眼部感染、胸部感染、小腿和背痛、病毒性皮疹、色素减退、紧张/抑郁、尿路感染（UTI）、结肠蛔虫病、糖尿病、直肠出血和昆虫叮咬中毒。在年龄从0至80岁的127名不同年龄组女性中，21名（16.54%）患者患有病毒性发热，其次是背痛、感冒/咳嗽/喉咙痛、过敏、虚弱、痤疮、腹泻、鼻窦炎、流感、肺炎、头痛、酸性消化性疾病、痛经、下呼吸道感染和上呼吸道感染、肌肉骨骼疼痛、关节疼痛、眼部感染、尿路感染、高血压、腹痛、扁桃体炎、体癣、鼻炎、耳部问题、昆虫叮咬中毒、慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）、倒睫、输尿管绞痛、中耳炎、睑内翻和溢泪、蠕虫感染和咽炎。总共向年龄从0至80岁的不同患者分发了384种药物（23类），以治疗不同类型的疾病。在所开的不同类别药物中，退烧药（31.8%）、抗生素（17.2%）和非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）（11.2%）最为常见。
对医疗机构现有处方做法的评估有助于识别特定的用药问题；在进行任何有意义的干预之前，都需要了解这些问题。处方能洞察开处方者对所治疗疾病的态度以及社区医疗服务体系的性质。每张处方的平均用药数量是处方审核的一项重要指标。最好将每张处方的用药数量尽可能保持在较低水平，以尽量降低药物相互作用、细菌耐药性发展和医院成本的风险。
