质膜中磷脂不对称性的来龙去脉：在健康与疾病中的作用
The ins and outs of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane: roles in health and disease.
作者信息
Fadeel Bengt, Xue Ding
机构信息
Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Sep-Oct;44(5):264-77. doi: 10.1080/10409230903193307.
Abstract
A common feature of all eukaryotic membranes is the non-random distribution of different lipid species in the lipid bilayer (lipid asymmetry). Lipid asymmetry provides the two sides of the plasma membrane with different biophysical properties and influences numerous cellular functions. Alteration of lipid asymmetry plays a prominent role during cell fusion, activation of the coagulation cascade, and recognition and removal of apoptotic cell corpses by macrophages (programmed cell clearance). Here we discuss the origin and maintenance of phospholipid asymmetry, based on recent studies in mammalian systems as well as in Caenhorhabditis elegans and other model organisms, along with emerging evidence for a conserved role of mitochondria in the loss of lipid asymmetry during apoptosis. The functional significance of lipid asymmetry and its disruption during health and disease is also discussed.
摘要
所有真核细胞膜的一个共同特征是脂质双层中不同脂质种类的非随机分布（脂质不对称性）。脂质不对称性赋予质膜两侧不同的生物物理特性，并影响众多细胞功能。脂质不对称性的改变在细胞融合、凝血级联反应的激活以及巨噬细胞对凋亡细胞尸体的识别和清除（程序性细胞清除）过程中发挥着重要作用。在此，我们基于对哺乳动物系统以及秀丽隐杆线虫和其他模式生物的最新研究，讨论磷脂不对称性的起源和维持，以及线粒体在细胞凋亡过程中脂质不对称性丧失方面保守作用的新证据。还讨论了脂质不对称性及其在健康和疾病状态下破坏的功能意义。
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