Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jan 15;106(2-3):204-11. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
Dual-process models propose that addictive behaviors are determined by an implicit, impulsive system and an explicit, reflective system. Consistent with these models, research has demonstrated implicit affective associations with alcohol, using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), that predict unique variance in drinking behavior above explicit cognitions. However, different IAT versions have been used to measure implicit affective associations with alcohol, and the present study sought to determine which of these IAT variants showed the highest validity and internal consistencies. In total, 4800 participants completed one of six IAT versions via the Internet: a bipolar IAT (i.e., positive vs. negative), a unipolar positive IAT (i.e., positive vs. neutral), or a unipolar negative IAT (i.e., negative vs. neutral) with general positive and negative stimuli or with positive and negative alcohol-related affective states. While the alcohol-related affective bipolar and unipolar positive IAT versions and the general affective bipolar and unipolar positive IAT versions showed comparable internal consistencies, somewhat lower internal consistencies were found for the unipolar negative IAT versions. Further, alcohol-related affective IAT variants were more strongly related to explicit measures than general affective IAT versions. Also, alcohol-related and general affective bipolar and unipolar positive IAT variants were related to drinking behavior, but not unipolar negative IAT variants. Finally, the bipolar alcohol-related affective IAT, the unipolar alcohol-related positive IAT and the unipolar general positive IAT predicted drinking behavior above explicit measures. Overall, the bipolar alcohol-related affective IAT outperformed all other IAT variants with respect to its relationship with explicit measures and drinking behavior.
双加工模型提出，成瘾行为由内隐的、冲动的系统和外显的、反射的系统决定。这些模型一致表明，使用内隐联想测验（IAT），可以对与酒精相关的内隐情感联想进行研究，这些联想可以预测饮酒行为的独特变化，而不是外显认知。然而，不同的 IAT 版本被用于测量与酒精相关的内隐情感联想，本研究旨在确定这些 IAT 变体中哪一种具有最高的有效性和内部一致性。共有 4800 名参与者通过互联网完成了六种 IAT 版本中的一种：双极 IAT（即积极与消极）、单极正性 IAT（即积极与中性）或单极负性 IAT（即消极与中性），同时使用一般的正性和负性刺激或正性和负性与酒精相关的情感状态。虽然与酒精相关的情感双极和单极正性 IAT 版本以及一般情感双极和单极正性 IAT 版本具有相当的内部一致性，但单极负性 IAT 版本的内部一致性略低。此外，与酒精相关的情感 IAT 变体与外显测量的相关性强于一般情感 IAT 变体。另外，与酒精相关的和一般的情感双极和单极正性 IAT 变体与饮酒行为有关，但单极负性 IAT 变体没有。最后，双极与酒精相关的情感 IAT、单极与酒精相关的正性 IAT 和单极与一般正性 IAT 都可以预测外显测量和饮酒行为。总的来说，与其他 IAT 变体相比，双极与酒精相关的情感 IAT 在与外显测量和饮酒行为的关系方面表现更好。
